分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Aplodinotus: Greek, aploeides = simplicity + Greek,noton = back; single back in reference to the slighty joined dorsal fins (Ref. 45335); grunniens: grunniens meaning grunting (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 30 - ? m (Ref. 9988). 亞熱帶的; ? - 32°C (Ref. 12741); 58°N - 15°N, 110°W - 70°W (Ref. 86798)
North and Central America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to northern Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan in Canada and south to the Gulf; Gulf Coast drainages from Mobile Bay in Georgia and Alabama through east Mexico to Rio Usumacinta system in Guatemala.
中美洲與北美洲: 在聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區, 哈得遜灣與從魁北克到曼尼托巴的密西西比河流域與加拿大的薩斯卡萬的洛磯山脈以東而且南至在美國的墨西哥灣; 而且在瓜地馬拉透過墨西哥到東部 Rio Usumacinta 系統的岸灣流域從美國喬治亞州與阿拉巴馬州的摩比灣。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 95.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9988); 最大體重: 24.7 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 13 年 (Ref. 72462)
Occur in bottoms of medium to large rivers and lakes (Ref. 557, 10294). Adults feed on aquatic insect immatures such as mayflies (Hexagenia), amphipods, fish (especially shad and young drum), crayfish and mollusks. Larval stages of drum consume larvae of other fishes, while young fishes utilize zooplankton (Ref. 10294). Known to produce sound. L-shaped otoliths are collected as 'lucky stones' (Ref. 557). Utilized fresh and can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988).
出現在中型到大型河川與湖的底部。 (參考文獻 557,10294) 成魚吃水生的昆蟲不成熟的例如孚游類 ( Hexagenia) ，片腳類動物，魚 (尤其非魚類與幼魚鼓) ，小龍蝦與軟體動物。 鼓的幼魚時期消費其他魚的仔魚, 而幼魚魚利用浮游動物.(參考文獻 10294) 已知發出聲音。 L-形狀的耳石被收集如 '幸運的石頭' 。 (參考文獻 557) 生鮮使用而且可能是油鍋炸而火烤的.(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
中美洲與北美洲: 在聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區, 哈得遜灣與從魁北克到曼尼托巴的密西西比河流域與加拿大的薩斯卡萬的洛磯山脈以東而且南至在美國的墨西哥灣; 而且在瓜地馬拉透過墨西哥到東部 Rio Usumacinta 系統的岸灣流域從美國喬治亞州與阿拉巴馬州的摩比灣。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00601 - 0.01743), b=3.21 (3.06 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
