Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ. Subtropical; 33°N - 18°S, 119°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: San Clemente in southern California, USA to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands; rare north of Baja California, Mexico.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 163 cm FL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 9326); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 51.7 kg (Ref. 4699)
Inhabits shallow inshore areas, frequents sandy shores along beaches. Juveniles occurs in tide pools. Exploited on a local level and marketed fresh (Ref. 9324).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ເປັນການຄ້າໜ້ອຍ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
Special reports
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.7 - 28.5, mean 25.8 °C (based on 56 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00410 - 0.02802), b=3.02 (2.80 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 39.2 [22.6, 72.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.967 [0.588, 1.593] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.8, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.348 [0.234, 0.530] g/100g; Selenium = 41.9 [22.4, 85.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.29 [2.96, 23.62] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.387 [0.281, 0.558] mg/100g (wet weight);
