分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Rachycentridae (Cobia)
軍曹魚科 (Cobia)
Etymology: Rachycentron: Greek, rhachis, -ios = spine + Greek, kentron = sting (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1200 m (Ref. 9739). 亞熱帶的; 17°C - 32°C (Ref. 12459); 47°N - 37°S, 98°W - 166°E (Ref. 12459)
Worldwide in tropical and subtropical waters, but absent in the eastern Pacific (Ref. 9739, 33390) and the Pacific Plate, except marginally (Ref. 10948). Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Bermuda and Massachusetts, USA to Argentina (Ref. 7251), including the Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 9626) and entire Caribbean (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to South Africa. Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Ref. 2871, 5213, 6644, 30573) and Hokkaido, Japan to Australia.
除了東太平洋以外遍及全球的熱帶與亞熱帶的水域。 (參考文獻 9739,33390) 西大西洋: 到百慕達群島與美國麻薩諸塞州到阿根廷 (參考文獻 7251) 的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951), 包括墨西哥灣 (參考文獻 9626) 與整個的加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到南非。 印度-西太平洋: 東非 (參考文獻 2871,5213,6644,30573) 與日本北海道到澳洲。 沒有紀錄從太平洋板塊, 除了邊緣地之外.(參考文獻 10948)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 43 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 10790); common length : 110 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3487); 最大體重: 68.0 kg (Ref. 7251); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 9739)
背棘 (總數) : 7 - 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 26 - 33; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鰭軟條: 22 - 28. This species is distinguished by the following characters: head broad and depressed; first dorsal fin usually with VIII short but strong isolated spines, not connected by a membrane; caudal fin lunate to emarginate in adults, upper lobe longer than lower, rounded in young with prolonged central rays. Colour of back and sides dark brown, with 2 sharply defined narrow silvery bands, belly yellowish (Ref. 10948, 90102).
頭部寬且側扁。 第一背鰭有短但是強的分離硬棘, 不連接經由一個膜。 尾鰭新月狀的當成魚時, 上葉比下葉長。 背面與側邊深褐色的, 有兩個輪廓分明的狹窄銀色的條紋。
Adults occur in a variety of habitats, over mud, sand and gravel bottoms; over coral reefs, off rocky shores (Ref. 10948) and in mangrove sloughs; inshore around pilings and buoys, and offshore around drifting and stationary objects; occasionally in estuaries (Ref. 9739). Form small groups and may pursue small pelagic inshore (Ref. 48635). Feed on crabs, fishes, and squids (Ref. 5213, 10948, 13442). Form spawning aggregations during the warm months in the western Atlantic; eggs and larvae planktonic (Ref. 12459). Caught in small quantities due to its solitary behavior (Ref. 9626). Caught mainly with handlines, and by trolling pelagically offshore over the continental shelf (Ref. 10948). Good food fish; marketed fresh (Ref. 5284), smoked, and frozen (Ref. 9987). Also caught for sport (Ref. 26938).
出現於多種棲息地,在泥之上,沙與碎石底部; 在珊瑚礁，外海的岩岸 (參考文獻 10948) 之上與在紅樹林泥坑中; 樁材與浮標的周圍沿海地區, 與漂流與靜止的目標周圍的外海; 偶見於河口。 (參考文獻 9739) 形成小群魚群而且可能追逐小型大洋性魚類沿海地區.(參考文獻 48635) 吃螃蟹，魚與烏賊。 (參考文獻 5213,10948,13442) 在大西洋西部中產卵於溫暖的個月; 卵與仔魚為浮游性.(參考文獻 12459) 捕獲量很少由於它的獨居性行為.(參考文獻 9626) 好食用魚; 在市場上銷售生鮮地 (參考文獻 5284),煙燻了, 與冷凍.(參考文獻 9987) 也遊釣捕獲。 (參考文獻 26938)
Form spawning aggregations during the warm months in the western Atlantic; eggs and larvae planktonic (Ref. 12459).除了東太平洋以外遍及全球的熱帶與亞熱帶的水域。 (參考文獻 9739,33390) 西大西洋: 到百慕達群島與美國麻薩諸塞州到阿根廷 (參考文獻 7251) 的加拿大 (參考文獻 5951), 包括墨西哥灣 (參考文獻 9626) 與整個的加勒比海.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 摩洛哥到南非。 印度-西太平洋: 東非 (參考文獻 2871,5213,6644,30573) 與日本北海道到澳洲。 沒有紀錄從太平洋板塊, 除了邊緣地之外.(參考文獻 10948)
Shaffer, R.V. and E.L. Nakamura, 1989. Synopsis of biological data on the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153. (Ref. 9739)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.1 - 19.8, mean 12.9 °C (based on 1010 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00347 - 0.00661), b=3.11 (3.02 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.9 (2.2 - 4.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.09-0.22; tm=2-3; tmax=15).
Prior r = 0.58, 95% CL = 0.38 - 0.87, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.7 [6.0, 25.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.49 [0.24, 0.88] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.167 [0.084, 0.369] g/100g; Selenium = 47.6 [20.3, 101.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18 [5, 73] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.435 [0.271, 0.692] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
