分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 10999). 溫帶; ? - 30°C (Ref. 12741); 57°N - 31°N, 120°W - 71°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Alberta in Canada, and south to northern Alabama and Louisiana in the USA. Introduced into Atlantic, Gulf and southern Mississippi River drainages.
北美洲: 從魁北克到加拿大亞伯達省的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣與密西西比河流域, 而且南至在美國的阿拉巴馬州北部與路易斯安那。 引入大西洋，灣與南方的密西西比河流域中了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 32.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 86798); common length : 35.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 4.0 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 18 年 (Ref. 72496)
Inhabits sand and gravel runs, sandy and muddy pools and backwaters of small to large rivers (Ref. 86798). Less frequent in lake and impoundments (Ref. 86798). Larvae feed on cladocerans, copepods, and midge larvae, while juveniles consume fishes (Ref. 10294). Spawn between March and June (Ref. 10999) in pairs or small aggregations (Ref. 11003).
棲息於沙與碎石小支流，沙泥深潭與滯水區, 小型到大型河川; 較不常見於湖與圈圍水域。 (參考文獻 10294,11003) 仔魚吃 cladocera ，橈腳類的動物與蚊仔魚, 而稚魚消費魚.(參考文獻 10294) 在三月與六月 (參考文獻 10999) 之間產卵成對或小群魚群.(參考文獻 11003)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
北美洲: 從魁北克到加拿大亞伯達省的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區，哈得遜灣與密西西比河流域, 而且南至在美國的阿拉巴馬州北部與路易斯安那。 引入大西洋，灣與南方的密西西比河流域中了。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00335 - 0.01134), b=3.14 (2.96 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.68 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.23; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
