分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs)
鱸形目 (Perchs) >
Percidae (Perches)
鱸科 (Perches) > Etheostomatinae
Etymology: Etheostoma: Greek, etheo = to strain + Greek, stoma = mouth; Rafinesque said "various mouths", but Jordan and Evermann suggest the name might have been intended as "Heterostoma (Ref. 45335); spectabile: From the Greek etheo=to strain, and stoma=mouth; spectabile=conspicuous and is appropriate for breeding males (Ref. 79012).
More on author: Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 溫帶; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 43°N - 30°N
North America: Lake Erie and Mississippi River basins from southeastern Michigan and Ohio to eastern Wyoming, and south to Tennessee and northern Texas in the USA; Gulf drainages (Trinity River to San Antonio River) of Texas, mostly on Edwards Plateau.
北美洲: 從東南方的密西根州與俄亥俄州到懷俄明州東部的伊利湖與密西西比河流域, 而且南至在美國的田納西州與德克薩斯北部; 德克薩斯的海灣流域 (楚尼提河到聖安東尼奧河), 大部份在愛德華湖高地上。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 4.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
Inhabit shallow gravel riffles, sometimes rocky runs and pools, of headwaters, creeks and small rivers (Ref. 5723); also found in streams (Ref. 10294). Adults feed on midge and blackfly larvae, mayfly nymphs, isopods, amphipods, and caddisfly larvae (Ref. 10294). Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 36980). Eggs are found buried in the substrate (Ref. 7043).
棲息於水淺的碎石激流, 有時多岩石的小支流與水潭, 河川源頭,小溪與小河;(參考文獻 5723) 也發現於溪流。 (參考文獻 10294) 吃蚊與黑蠅幼生，孚游類蛹，等足目動物，片腳類動物與石蠶幼生。 (參考文獻 10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 36980). Eggs are found buried in the substrate (Ref. 7043).北美洲: 從東南方的密西根州與俄亥俄州到懷俄明州東部的伊利湖與密西西比河流域, 而且南至在美國的田納西州與德克薩斯北部; 德克薩斯的海灣流域 (楚尼提河到聖安東尼奧河), 大部份在愛德華湖高地上。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00235 - 0.01227), b=3.14 (2.94 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec=50-2,070).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
