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Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Galeoides: Greek, galeos = a shark + suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 10 - 70 m (Ref. 10799). Subtropical; 37°N - 27°S, 19°W - 16°E (Ref. 57343)
Eastern Atlantic: West African coasts, from Canary Islands and Morocco to Angola (Ref. 57402). Sporadically known from Algeria and Namibia (Ref. 57343). Record from Mauritius is likely to be erroneous.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 11.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5377); common length : 30.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3659)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 9; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 13 - 14. Diagnosis: 9-10 short detached pectoral filaments, not exceeding length of upper pectoral fin; body moderately elongate and compressed, its height comprised 2.9-3.4 times in standard length; snout very short, blunt and prominent; mouth inferior; posterior edge of maxillary only slightly expanded, barely reaching past eye; 2 widely separated dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 flexible spine and 13-14 soft rays; 2nd
dorsal fin and anal fin bases barely equal; pectoral fin inserted low on body; scales ctenoid; head and unpaired fins partly covered with small scales (Ref. 57402).
Coloration: body uniformly silvery, upper part greyish and belly white; a large rounded black spot, about equal to eye diameter, generally visible under lateral line, behind opercle (Ref. 57402).
Occurs over sandy (Ref. 2683) and muddy bottoms in shallow waters (Ref. 4340), frequently in brackish habitats (Ref. 4340, 57402) and estuaries, but not in freshwaters (Ref. 57402). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 5377). Sold fresh, dried salted or smoked (Ref. 36127).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Also Ref. 32209.
Daget, J. and J.C. Njock, 1986. Polynemidae. p. 352-354. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4340)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 27.9, mean 25.9 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00481 - 0.01311), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.14-0.4).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.4 [41.1, 153.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.985 [0.516, 1.817] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.386 [0.272, 0.572] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [13.6, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.37 [4.09, 21.25] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.816 [0.558, 1.179] mg/100g (wet weight);
