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Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Lepomis: Greek, lepis = scaled + Greek, poma = gill cover, operculum (Ref. 45335, 79012); gibbosus: gibbosus from gibbous, or like a full moon, referring to body shape (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة قاعية التغذية و المعيشة; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15; سمكة نهرية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 0 - 41 m (Ref. 1998). Subtropical; 4°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 50°N - 32°N, 125°W - 64°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: New Brunswick in Canada south to Savannah River in Georgia, USA; Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and upper Mississippi River basins from Quebec west to southeastern Manitoba and North Dakota, and south to north Kentucky and Missouri, USA. Introduced to Pacific drainages from British Columbia to California. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 86798); common length : 9.9 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 12193); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 630.00 g (Ref. 4699); العمر: 12 سنين (Ref. 72493)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 10 - 12; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 12; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 11; فقرات: 28 - 30.
Inhabits vegetated lakes and ponds, as well as quiet pools of creeks and small rivers (Ref. 86798). Feeds on small fishes and other vertebrates (Ref. 1998), as well as fish eggs (Ref. 2058). Adtults rarely form schools but occur in pairs or loose aggregations of three to four individuals; young individuals aggregate in fairly large schools (Ref. 120693). An introduced species in Europe which avoids swift waters and occurs in estuaries with a salinity up to 18.2 ppt (Ref. 59043). Reported in Europe to prey on a wide variety of invertebrates (Ref. 59043). Considered undesirable catch (Ref. 30578).
Males build the nest on very shallow waters near the shore. The pair then swims in a circular path over the nest and eggs and sperm is released in intervals. The male guards the eggs for about 7 days (Ref. 93240) and the young (to about 11 days after hatching), then prepares the nest for another spawning with the same or different females (Ref. 1998). In European waters, each male may spawn with several females in one nest and guard the nest until abandoned by larvae (Ref. 59043). Produces up to 1000 eggs (Ref. 1672).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
خطر للأنسان
Potential pest
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: مصائد تستهلك محلينا; لعبة سمكه: نعم; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00941 - 0.01466), b=3.11 (3.06 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (tm=2; Fec=600-5000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
