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Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) >
Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Mycteroperca: Greek, mykter, -eros = nose + Greek, perke = perch (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr David Starr Jordan (1851–1931) was a leading American ichthyologist, physician, educator, peace activist and believer in eugenics; moreover, he was founding President of Stanford University. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on authors: Jenkins & Evermann.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9342). Subtropical; 33°N - 23°N, 119°W - 106°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Central Pacific: southern La Jolla, California, USA to Mazatlan, Mexico.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 198 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 2850); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 91.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 16 - 17; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 10 - 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: uniform dark brown or grey color of adults (can rapidly change into juvenile pattern when disturbed or under stress), large adults with white pectoral fin margin and median fins with narrow white edge; juvenile with greyish brown color, with dark spots along upper half of the body; depth of body 3.1-3.4 times in SL; head length 2.5-2.7 times in SL; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, lacking distinct lobe at the angle; posterior nostrils not notably enlarged, diameter less than twice of anterior nostrils (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found in rocky reefs and kelp beds. Juveniles are unknown in California waters and the few large adults that have been taken there are probably expatriates from a more southerly breeding population. Large adults feed on fishes (Ref. 9342). Reported to prey on juvenile hammerhead sharks. Its large size makes it an object of game fishing (Ref. 9342).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 18.6 - 25.9, mean 23 °C (based on 102 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00426 - 0.02047), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 8.75 [4.91, 18.12] mg/100g; Iron = 0.397 [0.198, 0.722] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.7, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.086, 0.304] g/100g; Selenium = 19.6 [7.2, 42.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.7 [13.8, 195.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.454 [0.295, 0.715] mg/100g (wet weight);
