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Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres, 1860)

California grunion
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Leuresthes tenuis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Leuresthes tenuis (California grunion)
Leuresthes tenuis
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Classification / Names Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Atheriniformes (Silversides) > Atherinopsidae (Neotropical silversides) > Atherinopsinae
Etymology: Leuresthes: Greek, leyros, -a, -on = smooth + Greek, esthes = suit, something used to wrap (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; djupintervall 0 - 18 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 37°N - 24°N, 123°W - 111°W

Utbredning Länder | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Point map | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Monterey Bay, USA to Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: Lm 11.9  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2850); rapporterad maxålder: 8 år (Ref. 1744)

Short description Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 4 - 8; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 8 - 10; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 1; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 20 - 24; Ryggkotor: 47 - 50. Branchiostegal rays: 6 (Ref. 36497).

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit inshore waters, usually at or near surface along open coast and in bays (Ref. 36497). Oviparous, with planktonic primarily neustonic larvae (Ref. 36497). Eggs are deposited in the sand at night by the female parent (Ref. 58332) just below the high spring tide line (Ref. 36497). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 57178.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver

Demersal spawners. Spawn at night on sand beaches at high tides in the spring and summer. Eggs are buried in moist sand by the female parent (Ref. 58332) and hatch about 15 days later during the next series of high tides (Ref. 2850). Females spawn 4 to 8 times during a season (Ref. 4563).

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

Ytterligare information

Trophic ecology
Födoslag
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predatorer
Ecology
Ekologi
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Distribution
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Ekosystem
Förekomster
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Anatomy
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Hjärnstorlek
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fiskljud
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Vattenbruksprofiler
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
referenser

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Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15 - 23.2, mean 21 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.7500   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00275 - 0.01321), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278):  2.9   ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref. 120179):  Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tmax=4; k >0.30; tm=1.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.