分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
鱂形目 (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Poeciliidae (Poeciliids)
花鱂科 (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Xiphophorus: Greek, xiphos = sword + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Karl Bartholomäus Heller (1824–1880) was an Austrian botanist and naturalist who explored in Mexico (1845–1848 and again in 1850) and yet again as a member of the (1864) scientific mission instituted by Napoleon III during which he mapped the state [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Heckel.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - 8.0; dH range: 9 - 19; 非遷移的. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 52054); 26°N - 12°N
North and Central America: Rio Nantla, Veracruz in Mexico to northwestern Honduras. Africa: Feral populations reported from Natal and eastern Transvaal as well as in Lake Otjikoto, Namibia (Ref. 7248). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
中美洲與北美洲: Rio Nantla, 在墨西哥到的非拉克斯州在西北部的宏都拉斯。 非洲: 野生的族群納塔爾與南非德蘭士瓦東部記錄自了以及在湖 Otjikoto ，那米比亞中.(參考文獻 7248) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 26130); 16.0 cm TL (female); common length : 2.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 14; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. This species is distinguished by having a medium to large swordtail with a long straight caudal appendage; midlateral stripe may be dusky or brownish (northern populations) or red; 2 additional reddish stripes may be present above midlateral line and one beneath; terminal segment of gonopodial ray 3 produced into a crescent-shaped hook and blade pointed distally; ray 4a curves strongly backward over the blade at an angle greater than 90°; distal serrae of ray 4p reduced in size and number and proximal serrae rather slender; terminal segment of ray 5a produced into a claw, several times larger than the distal serrae of ray 4p (Ref. 52914).
這種被藉著區別有一個中等的對大的刀劍狀的尾部具有一個長的直線尾部的附肢; 側面中央的斑紋可能是暗色或褐色的 (北方的族群) 或紅色的; 額外的 2條淡紅的斑紋可能是位於側面中央的線之上與一在;之下 gonopodial 鰭條 3 的末端片段伸展到一個新月形的鉤與葉片了尖的末梢部地; 鰭條 4 一個彎曲強烈地向後地在葉片之上以一個角大於 90個 °; 鰭條 4p 的末梢部鋸齒縮小的與數字與近端的鋸齒相當細長; 鰭條 5 的末端片段一個被伸展到的一個爪, 一些倍大於鰭條 4p 的末梢部鋸齒.(參考文獻 52914)
描述: 身體延長; 頭部尖的。 有許多色彩形式由於非常廣泛的自然棲息地。 對於綠色的刀劍狀的尾部，底色是橄欖色灰色; 鱗片列沿著身體的中央是綠色到藍色; 腹面是白色的，而且在所有的族群 (地區的表格) 的側面上有一條淡紅色, 暗紅色或褐色縱向的線。 在一些變種中, 能有一或二個附加的線上方與一或二在這一條線之下。 在幾乎所有的族群，背鰭有紅色的斑點或斑紋。 這一個顏色也能在尾鰭中出現。 雄性的劍是鮮黃色的而且更寬廣邊緣在腹面黑色的超過上方。 年老的魚 (3 到 4 歲) 能有一個來自尾鰭一路到的完全黑色的劍劍的頂端。
Adults are found mainly in rapidly flowing streams and rivers, preferring heavily vegetated habitats (Ref. 26130). They occur in warm springs and their effluents, weedy canals and ponds (Ref. 5723). They feed on worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter (Ref. 7020). Used for genetics research (Ref. 4537). Especially the red varieties are very popular aquarium fishes (Ref. 1672). Aquarium keeping: the males aggressive towards each other; minimum aquarium size 80 cm (Ref. 51539).
主要發現於快速流動的溪流與河川了, 偏愛長滿植物的棲息地。 (參考文獻 26130) 出現於溫暖的泉水與其溢流, 雜草叢生的管與池塘。 (參考文獻 5723) 吃蠕蟲，甲殼動物，昆蟲與植物。 (參考文獻 7020) 用來了遺傳學研究。 (參考文獻 4537) 紅色的變種是非常受歡迎的觀賞魚尤其。 (參考文獻 1672) 水族館保持: 雄性對彼此具有侵略性; 水族館最小體型 80 公分.(參考文獻 51539)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Female produces 20 to 200 young after a gestation period of 24 to 30 days. Attains sexual maturity after eight to twelve months (Ref. 26130). This species has a tendency to undergo sex reversal (from female to male) under certain environmental conditions (Ref. 6465).中美洲與北美洲: Rio Nantla, 在墨西哥到的非拉克斯州在西北部的宏都拉斯。 非洲: 野生的族群納塔爾與南非德蘭士瓦東部記錄自了以及在湖 Otjikoto ，那米比亞中.(參考文獻 7248) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Wischnath, L., 1993. Atlas of livebearers of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., United States of America. 336 p. (Ref. 26130)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 29 March 2018
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 水族館: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00589 - 0.01620), b=3.06 (2.93 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm<1; Fec=20-200 * 12).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
