分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods)
鱈形目 (Cods) >
Phycidae (Phycid hakes)
褐鱈科 (Phycid hakes)
Etymology: Urophycis: Greek, oura = tail + Greek, phyke, pykis, -idos = the female of a fish that lives among algae (Greek = phykon), related with the gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 1000 m (Ref. 5951), usually 100 - 247 m (Ref. 1371). 溫帶; 66°N - 27°N, 81°W - 13°W
Western Atlantic: Labrador and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland to the coast of North Carolina. Straying to Iceland in the east and Florida in the south.
西大西洋: 拉布拉多與北卡羅萊那州的紐芬蘭到海岸的大岸灘。 對在南方中的在東部與佛羅里達中的冰島迷路。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 46.0, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 133 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 135.0 cm TL (female); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); 最大體重: 21.0 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年齡: 23 年 (Ref. 796)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. Upper limb or first gill arch with 2 (rarely 3) rakers. First dorsal in with an elongated ray. Body color variable, dorsally various dark shades, paler laterally, sometimes bronze, belly pale dirty to yellow white; pelvic fin pale. A dusky blotch present on the opercle.
上邊緣或第一個鰓弓有 2(很少地 3)個耙。 第一背鰭在有一個瘦長的鰭條。 體色可變又背面各種不同的深色陰影, 較灰白的側面地, 有時青銅色的, 腹面暗灰色到黃色的白色; 腹鰭灰白的。 一個暗色的斑塊位於鰓蓋之上。
Found on soft, muddy bottoms of the continental shelf and upper slope. It is mostly found at 180 m. Mature fish migrate inshore in the northern Gulf of Maine in summer, disperse in autumn, and move into deepest areas in winter. Feed on small crustaceans, squids and small fish. Utilized fresh, smoked or frozen; eaten steamed, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Exported to Europe (Ref. 9988).
棲息於柔軟，大陸棚與上層斜坡的泥底部了。 大部份它是發現於 180 公尺。 成熟的魚在夏天移動在緬因灣北部的沿海地區, 秋天時分散, 而且移進深的區域中冬天時。 吃小型甲殼動物，烏賊與小魚。 被煙燻或凍結的生鮮使用; 清蒸, 微波而且燒烤。 (參考文獻 9988) 輸出到歐洲。 (參考文獻 9988)
西大西洋: 拉布拉多與北卡羅萊那州的紐芬蘭到海岸的大岸灘。 對在南方中的在東部與佛羅里達中的冰島迷路。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.2 - 7.8, mean 4.8 °C (based on 160 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5044 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00398 (0.00337 - 0.00470), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.11; tm=2; tmax=23; Fec=1 million).
Prior r = 0.40, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.59, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.8 [9.1, 31.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.316 [0.184, 0.544] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.8, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.602 [0.318, 1.095] g/100g; Selenium = 25.5 [14.3, 49.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.8 [3.9, 41.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.325 [0.235, 0.457] mg/100g (wet weight);
