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Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) >
Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 6 - 18 m (Ref. 36488). Subtropical
Eastern Pacific: San Clemente Island in south California, USA to Panama and the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.3 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4930)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 95 - 115; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 75 - 91; Ryggkotor: 60 - 63. Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 36488).
Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Inhabits rocky areas of shallow waters (Ref. 2850). Hides in dark caverns and crevices during the day, active at night (Ref. 2850). Gives birth to live young (Ref. 28023).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 36488).
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: saknar intresse
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 26.7 °C (based on 204 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00179 - 0.01169), b=3.10 (2.87 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 52.9 [24.3, 133.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.352, 1.248] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.086, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 12 [5, 30] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.1 [20.4, 228.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.611, 1.562] mg/100g (wet weight);
