Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande. Subtropical; 35°N - 15°N, 98°W - 74°W
Western Atlantic: Florida (USA), Little Bahama Bank (Bahamas) and the entire Gulf of Mexico to Campeche, Mexico (Ref. 7251). Range extended to Brazil (Ref. 94035).
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 7.6, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 85752)
Dark brown bars on caudal and pectoral fins; bars on pectoral fin irregularly joined (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Commonly found in seagrass beds and rocky cuts in coastal bays and lagoons, and in shallows along open coast. In western coast of Florida, adults spawn in February and March (Ref. 26938). Nesting males produce grunt calls called the boatwhistle as advertisement of competition among males and to attract females (Ref. 45338). Neither opercular nor dorsal gland is venomous (Ref. 57406).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 31174)
Mänskliga användningsområden
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 23.3 - 27.9, mean 24.6 °C (based on 316 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00845 - 0.01634), b=3.09 (3.00 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 5.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.218; tm=1+).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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