分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Anguilliformes (Eels and morays)
鰻鱺目 (Eels and morays) >
Muraenesocidae (Pike congers)
海鰻科 (Pike congers)
Etymology: Muraenesox: Latin, muraena = morey eel + Esox, old name for pike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的; 深度上下限 ? - 800 m (Ref. 100719), usually ? - 300 m (Ref. 9942). 亞熱帶的; 47°N - 4°S, 30°E - 143°E (Ref. 54598)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf, west coast of India, and Sri Lanka to Fiji and Tuvalu (Ref. 12596), north to Japan and Korea, south to the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Migrated to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal (Ref. 6724).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海，波斯灣，印度西岸與斯里蘭卡到斐濟與吐瓦魯 (參考文獻 12596),北至日本與韓國, 南至阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) 與澳洲北部。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到地中海了。 (參考文獻 6724)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 220 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 559); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 72462)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 脊椎骨: 145 - 159. Snout long; eye diameter 2-2.5 times in snout length; posterior nostrils much closer to eyes than to anterior nostrils; mouth very large; teeth generally large and conspicuous (Ref. 4832). Head broader, interorbital about 8 times in head; lateral-line pores before anus 44-47; dorsal-fin rays before anus 66-78; vertebrae 145-159 (Ref. 9830).
吻長的; 倍分之一吻長的眼直徑 2-2.5; 後鼻孔更靠近眼超過對前鼻孔; 嘴非常大的; 齒通常大而顯著的.(參考文獻 4832) 頭部比較寬的, 眼間骨大約 8 倍頭長比率; 側線孔在肛門前 44-47; 背鰭鰭條在肛門前 66-78; 脊椎骨 145-159.(參考文獻 9830)
Occurs from the littoral zone to the upper bathy-benthic region (Ref. 9942, 11230). Inhabits soft bottoms (Ref. 11230), also found in estuaries. Sometimes enters freshwater environment (Ref. 9987). Feeds on small bottom fishes and crustaceans. Captured and cultured for fishery in Japan. Marketed mainly fresh (Ref. 7238). Also used as bait for shark fishing (Ref. 2872). Also caught by bag (dol) nets. Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
生存於海濱的區域到上面的 bathy-底棲的區域。 (參考文獻 9942,11230) 棲息於軟質底部 (參考文獻 11230), 也發現於河口。 有時進入淡水的環境。 (參考文獻 9987) 吃小的底層魚類與甲殼動物。 為日本水產業捕獲了而且養殖。 生鮮地主要地在市場上銷售。 (參考文獻 7238) 也對於鯊魚釣魚的用來當魚餌.(參考文獻 2872) 也被袋網捕獲。 被用於中藥材了。 (參考文獻 12166)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海，波斯灣，印度西岸與斯里蘭卡到斐濟與吐瓦魯 (參考文獻 12596),北至日本與韓國, 南至阿拉弗拉海 (參考文獻 9819) 與澳洲北部。 經由蘇伊士運河迴游到地中海了。 (參考文獻 6724)
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 13 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.6 - 23.2, mean 17.4 °C (based on 401 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00171 - 0.01116), b=3.07 (2.85 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Tmax=15; K=0.19-0.33; Min Rel Fec=153).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.7 [16.9, 59.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.831 [0.484, 1.436] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.9, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.339 [0.157, 0.993] g/100g; Selenium = 66.3 [35.3, 123.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.96 [2.12, 22.85] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.412 [0.295, 0.612] mg/100g (wet weight);
