分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - ? m. 溫帶; 59°N - 34°N
North America: Pacific Slope drainages from Nass River in British Columbia, Canada to Rogue, Klamath and Columbia River drainages in Oregon, Idaho, Nevada and Wyoming, USA; Bonneville basin in south Idaho, west Wyoming and Utah, USA; Peace River system (Arctic basin) in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. Introduced into upper Missouri River basin ni Montana and Colorado River drainage in Wyoming, Utah, Colarado and Arizona, USA.
北美洲: 在美國奧勒岡州，愛達荷，內華達州與懷俄明州的太平洋斜坡流域從加拿大英屬哥倫比亞的 Nass 河到落鳩河，克拉瑪斯河與哥倫比亞河河流域; 在愛達荷南部, 懷俄明州西部與猶他州的巴那維利河流域; 在加拿大的在卑詩省與亞伯達的和平河流域 (北極流域)。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 6.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背的軟條 (總數) : 8 - 12; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 24. Body deep and compressed; dorsal fin origin far behind pelvic fin origin; caudal peduncle narrow; caudal fin deeply forked; snout short and point; mouth terminal; eye large; axillary process at pelvic fin base; lateral line decurved, complete wit 52-67 scales; dorsal fin with 8-12 rays (usually 10); anal fin with 10-24 rays (usually 15); intestine long; peritoneum silver; pharyngeal teeth 2,4-4,2 to 2,5-5,2. Olive-gray to brown above, clear to yellow streak above dark stripe along side; red above pectoral fin base on large individuals; clear to yellow-brown fins. Breeding males are brassy yellow, bright red along lower side (Ref. 86798).
Inhabits runs and flowing to standing pools of headwaters, creeks, and small to medium rivers as well as lakes and ponds. Usually found over mud or sand, often near vegetation (Ref. 5723, 86798). Forms schools (Ref. 1998). Fry feed on diatoms, copepods, ostracods, and other small planktonic and demersal crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Diet changes to terrestrial and aquatic insects, algae, mollusks, fish eggs (including their own), and small fishes like other redside shiners, other minnows, and trout (Ref. 1998). Preyed upon by mergansers, loons, and mink (Ref. 1998).
棲息於河川源頭，小溪與小型到中型的河小支流與細流或不流動之水池; 湖泊與池塘。 通常在泥或沙子上面, 時常在植物的附近。 成群出現。 (參考文獻 1998) 魚苗吃矽藻, 橈腳類的動物，介形蟲與其他的小浮游生物與底棲的甲殼動物.(參考文獻 1998) 食物變成陸生與水生昆蟲，藻類，軟體動物，魚卵 (包括他們自己的) 與小魚像其他的 redside shiners ，其他的條魚類與鱒魚.(參考文獻 1998) 被秋沙鴨，潛鳥與貂捕食了。 (參考文獻 1998)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Adults move into spawning streams in the afternoon and evening. Spawning occurs as one female and one or two males thrash violently side by side for a few seconds. Fertilized eggs adhere to gravel and vegetation on the bottom.北美洲: 在美國奧勒岡州，愛達荷，內華達州與懷俄明州的太平洋斜坡流域從加拿大英屬哥倫比亞的 Nass 河到落鳩河，克拉瑪斯河與哥倫比亞河河流域; 在愛達荷南部, 懷俄明州西部與猶他州的巴那維利河流域; 在加拿大的在卑詩省與亞伯達的和平河流域 (北極流域)。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00376 - 0.01926), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
