Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; benthopelagic; pH range: 5.6 - 7.0; dH range: ? - 15; potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical
South America: northern Cubatão River in Santa Catarina and upper Paraná River basin in Brazil (Ref. 36801). Reported from Argentina (Ref. 51923).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.2 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 114987); common length : 25.3 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 56003); max. published weight: 433.00 g (Ref. 114987)
Adults feed on plants (Ref. 2060). Distinct pairs breed on densely grown weedy places (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Distinct pairs breed on densely grown weedy places (Ref. 205).
Géry, J., 1977. Characoids of the world. Neptune City ; Reigate : T.F.H. [etc.]; 672 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 23 cm. (Ref. 598)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Tools
Special reports
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00677 - 0.01476), b=3.13 (3.01 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).