klasifikasi / Names Nama-nama umum | Sinonim (persamaan) | Catalog of Fishes(Marga, Jenis) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ikan bertulang rawan (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Mobulidae (Devilrays)
Etymology: More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 50 m (Ref. 106604). Tropical

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: eastern coast of Africa to Indonesia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ?, range 115 - ? cm
Max length : 119 cm WD jantan/; (Ref. 11441); 120.0 cm WD (female); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 30.0 kg (Ref. 11228)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

A small devilray with a short head bearing short head fins; dorsal fin white-tipped, and pectoral fins with slightly curved tips; upper surface with no denticles and tail shorter than disc, with no spine (Ref. 5578). Dark brown above, white below (Ref. 5578).

Found in coastal and oceanic waters (Ref. 5578). Feeds on plankton (Ref. 30573). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Generally found in schools, leaping out of the water (Ref. 11228). Caught rarely in the tuna gillnet fisheries. Utilized for its gill filter plates (high value), meat, cartilage and skin (Ref.58048).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Probably giving birth to only one pup; born at ~31 cm WD (Ref.58048).

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Randall, J.E., 1995. Coastal fishes of Oman. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p. (Ref. 11441)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)

terancam (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 January 2020

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix I & II: Endangered migratory species conserved through agreements

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

informasi lanjut

Trophic ecology
Bahan makanan
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Pemangsa

Ecology
Ekologi

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
ukuran frekuensi
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
Reproduksi, perkembang biakan
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larva
Dinamika larva

Distribution
Negara-negara
Daerah-daerah FAO
Ecosystems
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Anatomy
Gill areas
Otak
Otoliths

Physiology
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Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
Suara-suara ikan
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
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Human related
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profil budidaya air
Strain
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

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Taxonomy
Nama-nama umum
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References
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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.9 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1852 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.

Daya lenting (Ref. 120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Fec assumed to be <100).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).

kategori harga (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle, 1841)