Carassius auratus, Goldfish : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium, bait

Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Goldfish
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Image of Carassius auratus (Goldfish)
Carassius auratus
Photo von Winter, T.J.

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Etymology: Carassius: Latinization of , karass, karausche, European crucian carp (Ref. 45335); auratus: From the words carassius--Latin of karass (common name for these fishes in Eurasia) and auratus, meaning gilded (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie

; süßwasser; brackwasser benthopelagisch; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; potamodrom (Ref. 126106); tiefenbereich 0 - 20 m (Ref. 6898). Subtropical; 0°C - 41°C (Ref. 35682); 53°N - 22°N

Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri

Asia: native in East Asia, China and Japan (Ref. 6390). Introduced elsewhere. throughout the world with reported adverse ecological impact after introduction.

Größe / Gewicht / Alter

Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 27549); common length : 10.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 9987); max. veröff. Gewicht: 1.6 kg (Ref. 128900); max. veröff. Alter: 41 Jahre (Ref. 72468)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 3 - 4; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 14 - 20; Afterflossenstacheln: 2 - 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 4 - 7; Wirbelzahl: 30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short (Ref. 1998). Head without scales (Ref. 39167, 1998), broadly triangular (Ref. 1998), interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye (Ref. 39166), barbels lacking on upper jaw (Ref. 39104, 1998). Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics (Ref. 1998). Caudal fin with 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels (Ref. 43281). Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown (Ref. 39168, 39104), slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (Ref. 39104), silvery, grayish yellowish, gray-silver (Ref. 39169), through gold (often with black blotches) to creamy white (Ref. 1998); yellowish white or white below. Cultured forms vary through scarlet, red-pink, silver, brown, white, black and combinations of these colors (Ref. 39104).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Adults inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds and ditches (Ref. 5258, 10294) with stagnant or slow-flowing water (Ref. 30578). They occur in eutrophic waters, well vegetated ponds and canals (Ref. 59043). Live better in cold water. Feed mainly on plankton, benthic invertebrates, plant material and detritus (Ref. 59043). Goldfish lay eggs on submerged vegetation. Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808). Oviparous, with pelagic larvae. They last long in captivity (Ref. 7248). Maximum recorded salinity is 17 ppt (Ref. 39171), but unable to withstand prolonged exposure above 15 ppt (Ref. 39172, 39174). Used as an experimental species (Ref. 4537). Valued as ornamental fish for ponds and aquaria; edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 100 cm (Ref. 51539). Reported individual hooked by an angler in a lake in Poole, Dorset measured 40 cm (16 in), weighing 2.3 kg (Practical Fishkeeping, 2010).

Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven

Cold water temperatures during the winter months are necessary for proper ova development (Ref. 44091). Spawning takes place in shallow water among weeds, often where willow roots grow exposed in water (Ref. 39171), also meadows inundated by spring flood (Ref. 39176). Spawning activity begin just before dawn (Ref. 39168), to midafternoon (Ref. 39177). Individual fish spawn 3-10 lots of eggs at intervals of 8-10 days (Ref. 39180). Juveniles need high temperature to grow. Eggs are sticky, attached to water plants or submerged objects (Ref. 59043). Females spawn multiple times during the spawning period (Ref. 88808).

Hauptreferenz Laden Sie Ihre Referenzen hoch | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 August 2010

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Potential pest





Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: hoch kommerziell; Köder: occasionally
FAO - Aquakultur-Systeme: produktion; Fischereien: landungen; Publication: search | FishSource |

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Internet Quellen

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher Einträge suchen | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Gattung, Arten | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Aquakultur-Systeme: produktion; Fischereien: landungen; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale Datenbanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Öffentliche Aquarien | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Gehe zu, Suchen | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologischer Rekord

Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen

Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5156   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.01083 - 0.01464), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.