分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) >
Esocidae (Pikes)
Etymology: Esox: From Greek, isox and also related with the Celtic root, eog, ehawc = salmon (Ref. 45335); americanus: americanus meaning of America (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Gmelin.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; pH range: ? - 10.1; 非迁移的. 亞熱帶的; ? - 26°C (Ref. 39090); 50°N - 26°N
North America: Atlantic Slope drainages from St. Lawrence River drainage in Quebec, Canada to southern Florida, USA; Gulf Slope drainages east to Brazos River, Texas, USA; Mississippi River and Great Lakes basins north to Nebraska, Wisconsin, Mississippi in USA and southern Ontario in Canada. Two subspecies were previously recognized: Esox americanus americanus in Atlantic Slope drainages to southern Georgia; and Esox americanus vermiculatus in rest of range.
北美洲: 從在加拿大魁北克的聖勞倫斯河流域到喬治亞州南部在美國的大西洋斜坡流域; 從在密西西比的巴斯卡古拉河到美國的佛羅里達的海灣斜坡流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.4 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 21; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 18; 脊椎骨: 42 - 51. Body robust, long, cylindrical, cross-section almost circular with flattened to slightly concave dorsal surface. Head large, flat, naked on top. Snout short, broad spatulate, dorsal surface between raised orbits and tip of snout slightly convex. Mouth large, horizontal, reaching at least to middle of pupil or suborbital bar. Teeth moderately large, those in front of upper jaw and several along each side of ramus a little enlarged; cheek and opercle fully scaled. Gill rakers are reduced to patches of sharp denticles. Branchiostegal rays: 19-31. Cardioid scales between pelvic fins 6-32, intergrades 0-26; notched scales in a line between dorsal and anal fin origins 7-25, intergrades 1-22. Submandibular pores 3:2 to 6:5, usually 4:4.
Pigmentation: Olivaceous to black above; belly pale amber to white, sometimes mottled wit dark; mid-dorsal band from nape to dorsal fin origin inconspicuous and pale. Sides with 20-36 olive to black wavy vertical bars separated by paler extensions of what had been lateral band in young, pale area between adjacent bars narrower. Suborbital and preorbital black bars pronounced, suborbital curved back ventrally, postorbital horizontal; lateral edges of jaws heavily pigmented. Pupil yellow to yellow green, iris gold. Dorsal fin darkly pigmented, others orange to red.
身体结实的，长的，和圆筒形的, 横切面几乎圆形具有平的到些微地凹的背面。 头部大的，平坦的，和裸露的在顶端上。 吻短, 宽的竹片状的, 在凸起的眼窝与吻尖之间的背面些微中凸。 嘴大的，水平的, 至少到瞳孔或眶下骨横带的中央。 齿普通大的, 上颌的那些在前面与一些沿着稍微被增大的分支的两边; 颊与鳃盖完全覆盖着鳞片。 鳃耙被缩小成锐利细齿的区块。 鳃条骨: 19-31. 在腹鳍 6-32 之间的心形鳞片,逐渐合一 0-26; 有凹槽的鳞片排成一列在背部的与臀鳍起源 7-25 之间, 逐渐合一 1-22. 子颚骨孔 3:2 到 6:5, 通常 4:4.
颜色： 橄榄色的到黑色的上方; 腹面灰白的琥珀色的到白色, 有时有斑点的机智深色的; 从后颈到背鳍起点的背部中央条纹不明显而灰白的。 具有 20-36个橄榄色到黑色的波浪状的纵带侧边藉着已经是侧面的条纹当幼鱼时的东西的较灰白延长分开, 在毗连的横带之间的灰白区域比较狭窄的。 眶下骨与眶前骨黑色横带明显的, 眶下的弯曲背面腹地, 眼眶后的水平; 颚的侧面边缘颜色深的。 瞳孔黄色到黄色的绿色，虹膜黄金。 背鳍暗有颜色, 其它橘色的对红色。
Live in lakes, swamps, and backwaters, and sluggish pools of streams. Usually occur among vegetation in clear water (Ref. 86798). Also found in brush piles, overhanging brush or rocks and boulders in areas lacking vegetation. Rarely occur in rivers (Ref. 4639). In winter, they are found associated with dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles are found in flood pools and rivulets among exposed roots, twigs, leaves, and grass in 7.6-10.2 cm of water (Ref. 39088). Larvae are sometimes found in very shallow water in roadside ditches, also in dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
生活于湖，沼泽与洄水区 , 与溪流的滞水潭。 通常在清澈的水域中的植物之中出现。 (参考文献 5723) 在区域中也发现于灌木堆，上悬的灌木或岩石与大圆石缺乏植物。 很少出现在河。 (参考文献 4639) 冬天时，他们被发现伴随着枯枝落叶层。 (参考文献 39089) 稚鱼在水的 7.6-10.2 公分中被发现于在裸露的根，小枝，树叶与草之中的洪水水池与小河。 (参考文献 39088) 仔鱼有时在路傍沟渠中被发现于很浅的水域, 也在枯枝落叶层中.(参考文献 39089)
Spawning takes place in flood plains, grassy banks, sloughs, ditches and overflow ponds in areas of heavy vegetation, sometimes in water less than 30.5 cm deep (Ref. 39088).北美洲: 從在加拿大魁北克的聖勞倫斯河流域到喬治亞州南部在美國的大西洋斜坡流域; 從在密西西比的巴斯卡古拉河到美國的佛羅里達的海灣斜坡流域。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5157 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00281 - 0.00815), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tmax=8; Fec = 186).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
