分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows)
狗魚目 (Pikes and mudminnows) >
Umbridae (Mudminnows)
蔭魚科 (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335); limi: limi meaning of the mud (Ref. 10294).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 3 - 8. 溫帶; 17°C - 22°C (Ref. 1672); 52°N - 36°N
North America: St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River) and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to Manitoba in Canada and south to Ohio, Tennessee and Arkansas, USA; Hudson River drainage (Atlantic Slope) in New York, USA. Isolated populations in Missouri River drainage of South Dakota and Iowa, USA.
北美洲: 來自魁北克到加拿大的曼尼托巴的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區, 哈得遜灣 (紅河) 與密西西比河流域而且南至俄亥俄州，田納西州與阿肯色州，美國; 在美國的紐約州的哈得遜河流域 (大西洋斜坡)。 達科塔南方部與美國愛荷華州的密蘇里河流域的孤立的族群。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5723); common length : 8.2 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 12193)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in quiet areas of streams, sloughs, swamps and other wetlands over mud and debris (Ref. 5723, 10294). Often found in dense vegetation. Tolerates drought, low oxygen levels and extremes water temperature (Ref. 5723). Feeds on aquatic insects, amphipods, isopods, and snails (Ref. 10294).
出現於在泥與殘礫上的溪流，泥坑的安靜區域，沼澤與其他的窪地。 (參考文獻 5723,10294) 時常發現於茂密的植物。 容忍乾旱，低溶氧量與極端水溫。 (參考文獻 5723) 吃水生昆蟲，片腳類動物，等足目動物與蝸牛。 (參考文獻 10294)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
北美洲: 來自魁北克到加拿大的曼尼托巴的聖勞倫斯河-五大湖區, 哈得遜灣 (紅河) 與密西西比河流域而且南至俄亥俄州，田納西州與阿肯色州，美國; 在美國的紐約州的哈得遜河流域 (大西洋斜坡)。 達科塔南方部與美國愛荷華州的密蘇里河流域的孤立的族群。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6329 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00188 - 0.01164), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 1,500; K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).
