: DOMDocument::load(): Extra content at the end of the document in http://nrm-fishbaselinux01.nrm.se/webservice/AquaMaps/getAMap.php?genus=Torpedo&species=panthera, line: 2 in
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays)
電鰩目 (Electric rays) >
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)
電 (Electric rays)
Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 350 m (Ref. 58488). 熱帶; 30°N - 11°N, 34°E - 85°E (Ref. 114953)
Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf (Ref. 68964) and Red Sea. Reports from other parts of the western Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal) probably refer to a different species.
西印度洋: 紅海。 來自西印度洋的其他部分的報告可能指的是一個不同的種。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 脊椎骨: 98 - 102. Disc-width shorter than its length, width and length about 1,60 to 1,80 times in total length; dorsal fins more or less rounded, its base 1,25 times in its length (Ref. 39215).
體盤-寬度短於它的長度，寬度與長度大約 1,60 到 1,80 倍全長; 背鰭約略圓的, 它的基底 1,25 倍於體長.(參考文獻 39215)
Found on coral reefs; as well as mud or sandy bottoms, from shallow water to a depth of 100 m (Ref. 30573, Ref. 114953). Mainly feeds on invertebrates and small reef fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Males reaches maturity at 28 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
棲息於泥或砂質底部，從淺水區到深度 100 公尺了。 (參考文獻 30573) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).西印度洋: 紅海。 來自西印度洋的其他部分的報告可能指的是一個不同的種。
Michael, S.W., 1993. Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p. (Ref. 12951)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 06 January 2022
人類使用
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.5 - 26.3, mean 23.4 °C (based on 224 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00659 - 0.03318), b=2.97 (2.78 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.6 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
