Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 9 m. Subtropical; 33°N - 25°S, 95°W - 65°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (USA), Bahamas, and Yucatan (Mexico) to the Antilles (Ref. 26340) and northern South America.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 102 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251)
Light brown to grayish brown, darker above, with pale spots (Ref. 26938).
Commonly encountered swimming near the bottom in clear water from harbors to reefs. More common along continent and in grassy areas (Ref. 7251). Found in shallow areas to depths of 9 m. Feeds mainly on crabs. (Ref. 26938).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (20):183 p. (Ref. 3814)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.1 - 28.3, mean 27.5 °C (based on 435 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00089 (0.00039 - 0.00204), b=3.00 (2.80 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 22.6 [9.9, 50.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.489 [0.252, 0.990] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [17.3, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.05, 0.36] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [7.4, 38.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.2 [7.1, 106.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.643 [0.414, 1.011] mg/100g (wet weight);