Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien; zoet water; brak water demersaal; anadroom (Ref. 138280); diepte 6 - 53 m (Ref. 93286), usually 6 - 34 m (Ref. 93286). Subtropical; 49°N - 28°N, 82°W - 65°W (Ref. 54259)
North America: St. John River in Canada to St. Johns River in Florida, USA.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm 50.0, range 45 - 55 cm
Max length : 143 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 6866); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 12193); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 23.0 kg (Ref. 6866); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 67 Jaren (Ref. 6866)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 33 - 42; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 18 - 24. Snout short, bluntly V-shaped, not upturned at tip. Barbels short (Ref. 7251). Absence of fontanelle and post dorsal shields. Single row of pre anal shields, 6-11 (Ref. 4639). Dorsal shields 7-13, lateral shields 22-34 (Ref. 4639). Blackish viscera (Ref. 37032). Head and back dark, lower surface white (Ref. 37032). Anal fin origin beneath dorsal fin origin (Ref. 86798).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: angular.
Inhabit river mouths, lakes, estuaries, and bays; occasionally enters the open sea. Feeds mostly at night over soft substrates; juveniles feed primarily on benthic crustaceans and insects, adults prey on benthic crustaceans, insects and mollusks (Ref. 93252). Maximum known age is 67 years for females and 30 years for males. Flesh of good quality; eggs are suitable for caviar (Ref. 3192).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Gewenste temperatuur (Ref.
123201): 7.5 - 25.5, mean 15.6 °C (based on 138 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00155 - 0.00645), b=3.19 (3.02 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 23.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (K=0.04; tm=14-17; tmax=67; Fec=48,000).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
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