Пластиножаберные (акулы и скаты) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Urotrygonidae (American round stingrays)
Etymology: Urobatis: Greek,oura = tail + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской демерсальный; пределы глубины 0 - 91 m (Ref. 12951), usually 1 - 21 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 43°N - 7°N, 125°W - 79°W (Ref. 55315)
Eastern Pacific: northern California (USA) to Ecuador.
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 24 cm
Max length : 58.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 40637); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 1.4 kg (Ref. 4699)
Occurs on sand, rubbly or mud bottom off beaches and in bays and sloughs; near seagrasses, usually shallower than 15 m. Adult females profuce 2 litters of up to 6 pups per year (Ref. 2850, 114953), sometimes around rocky reefs (Ref. 12951). Feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fishes.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки
Male grasps disc margin of female, flips under her, and inserts a clasper. Mating lasts about 5 minutes.
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.2 - 28.5, mean 23.6 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02291 (0.01108 - 0.04738), b=3.08 (2.89 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 18.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (K=0.15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.1 [1.7, 269.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.7 [0.1, 8.3] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [15, 25] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.058, 0.564] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [4, 100] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.69 [0.62, 112.29] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.744 [0.051, 8.704] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Urobatis halleri (Haller\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Urhal_u0.jpg "Image of Urobatis halleri (Haller\")
