分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
Etymology: More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 355 m (Ref. 58302). 亞熱帶的; 42°N - 25°S, 125°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Peru. Reported from the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 5530). Occurrence in British Columbia, Canada remains questionable (Ref. 6885). Not in Compagno's 1999 checklist (Ref. 35766).
東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯。 記錄來自加拉巴哥群島了。 (參考文獻 5530) 在加拿大卑詩省的發生保持可疑。 (參考文獻 6885) 不在 Compagno's 1999 名錄中.(參考文獻 35766)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 167 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 122662)
Inhabits sandy areas, often around rocks and kelp beds (Ref. 2850). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on crabs and mollusks (Ref. 4925); and worms (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449); litters of 1-4 pups and gestation period of approx. 3 months (Ref. 114953).
棲息於沙地, 時常岩石與海藻床的周圍.(參考文獻 2850) 底棲的.(參考文獻 58302) 吃螃蟹與軟體動物。 (參考文獻 4925) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東太平洋: 美國的南加州到祕魯。 記錄來自加拉巴哥群島了。 (參考文獻 5530) 在加拿大卑詩省的發生保持可疑。 (參考文獻 6885) 不在 Compagno's 1999 名錄中.(參考文獻 35766)
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
人類使用
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.1 - 21.3, mean 14.9 °C (based on 102 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.9 [3.6, 84.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.711 [0.182, 2.072] mg/100g; Protein = 23.3 [20.5, 25.9] %; Omega3 = 0.279 [0.080, 0.816] g/100g; Selenium = 29.2 [9.0, 83.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.69 [2.88, 20.54] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.566 [0.279, 1.018] mg/100g (wet weight);
