Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut bentopelagis; kisaran kedalaman 1 - 20 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 25°N - 8°N, 92°E - 124°E (Ref. 56009)
Eastern Indian Ocean in the Andaman Sea (Myanmar and Thailand) and western Pacific Ocean.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 48635)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 15 - 16; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8 - 10; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 7 - 8. Has a more anteriorly pointed dorsal fin and more rays in anal fin (Ref. 48635).
Inshore, usually muddy-sand habitat, estuaries and coastal slopes (Ref. 48635). Sways back and forth with current surge, mimicking dead leaves and other debris (Ref 90102).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Randall, J.E. and C. Anderson, 1993. Annotated checklist of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyol. (59):1-47. (Ref. 11303)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.1 - 28.9, mean 28.2 °C (based on 124 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00780 - 0.04657), b=3.03 (2.82 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
