分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Dasyatinae
Etymology: Dasyatis: Greek, dasys = rough, dense (Ref. 45335).
Issue
Distribution needs review.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 110 m (Ref. 114953). 熱帶; 15°S - 36°S, 10°E - 34°E (Ref. 114953)
Southeast Atlantic: central Angola to at least St. Lucia, Natal, South Africa, possibly extending to Mozambique. Reported from the Comoros, Reunion and Madagascar (Ref. 33390).
東南大西洋: 安哥拉中部到至少聖露西雅 , 南非的納塔爾, 可能地延伸至莫三比克。 記錄來自科摩洛，留尼旺島與馬達加斯加了。 (參考文獻 33390)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 36731)
Found in shallow bays, sheltered sandy beaches in summertime, moves to deeper waters during winter. Feeds on bony fishes and crustaceans such as crabs, shrimps and mantis shrimps (Ref. 36731); including sea lice and marine worms (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Litters of 1-5 pups (Ref. 114953). Often caught by shore anglers (Ref. 36731). It is parasitised by the monogenean Dendromonocotyle citrosa on the dorsal skin surface (Ref. 124058).
發現於淺灣,在夏天居住於沙灘了, 在冬天期間移動到較深的水域。 吃硬骨魚類與甲殼動物例如螃蟹，蝦與螳螂蝦。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 時常被岸釣者釣獲。 (參考文獻 36731)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東南大西洋: 安哥拉中部到至少聖露西雅 , 南非的納塔爾, 可能地延伸至莫三比克。 記錄來自科摩洛，留尼旺島與馬達加斯加了。 (參考文獻 33390)
Cowley, P.D. and L.J.V. Compagno, 1993. A taxonomic re-evaluation of the blue stingray from southern Africa (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). S. Afr. J. Mar. Sci. 13:135-149. (Ref. 33465)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 August 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.2 - 26.7, mean 24.8 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00265 - 0.01571), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 15.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
