分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Caliraja: The prefix name Cali- refers to the state of California, United States and Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, the regions where the types of all four recognized species were described..
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 13 - 1600 m (Ref. 96339). 溫帶; 49°N - 21°N, 127°W - 105°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: Juan de Fuca Strait in Canada and USA to central Baja California, Mexico.
東太平洋: 加拿大與美國的彎迪富卡海峽到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞中部。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 76.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2850); common length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9261)
Common in inshore waters from approximately 15 m and in shallow bays, sometimes in deep water (Ref. 2850, Ref. 114953). Feeds on small benthic invertebrates, polychaete worms and shrimps (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 7.0-8.5 cm long and 6.5-7.6 cm wide (Ref. 41300). Males reaches maturity at ca. 47 cm TL, females at 52 cm TL; young hatch at ca. 15-23 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
常见于近岸水域与在浅湾中, 有时在深水中.(参考文献 2850) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 7.0-8.5 公分长与 6.5-7.6 公分宽的.(参考文献 41300)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).東太平洋: 加拿大與美國的彎迪富卡海峽到墨西哥的下加利福尼亞中部。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 5.3 - 14.2, mean 7.5 °C (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
