(كوسه ها و سپرماهيان) (sharks and rays) >
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) >
Platyrhinidae (Fanrays)
Etymology: Platyrhinoidis: Greek, platys = flat + Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 0 - 137 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 38°N - 23°N, 124°W - 108°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: San Francisco, USA to Baja California, Mexico.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?, range 48 - ? cm
Max length : 91.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2850)
Inhabits fine sand to mud bottom, often near kelp beds and sometimes abundant on mud flats of coastal bays. Often buries itself in bottom sediments. Ranges from the intertidal zone to 50 m depth (Ref. 12951). Solitary or in small groups, gathers in shallow bays, lagoons, and off beaches (Ref. 12951, Ref. 114953). Feeds on small sand-dwelling crustaceans, worms and mollusks. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449), with 1 to 15 pups in a litter (Ref. 48844), mainly in August (Ref. 114953). Possesses ampullary electroreceptors with a region of maximum sensitivity of 5-15 Hz (Ref. 10011).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
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منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 15.3 - 23.1, mean 20.6 °C (based on 38 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 1.0312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (Fec = 1).
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
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