分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Chondrostei >
Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes)
鱘形目 (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons)
鱘科 (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 30 - 60 m (Ref. 3397). 溫帶; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 57°N - 36°N, 14°E - 53°E
Europe: Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Sea, ascending some rivers (Danube up to Bratislava, Volga up to Kazan, Ural up to Chkalov), unknown or very rare in others. On the verge of extinction in its natural range.
Extirpated in Aral basin; nearly extirpated in Black Sea basin; only occasional records from Danube and lower Volga; only a very small population remaining in Rivers Ural (Russia, Kazakhstan) and Rioni (Georgia); no natural spawning population in Iran; established in Lake Balkhash where it forms a large population (Ref. 59043). Artificially propagated (Ref. 6866).
歐洲與前蘇聯: 里海的與鹹海, 在黑海與亞速海中非常稀少。 人工地繁殖; 滅絕的在鹹海.(參考文獻 6866) 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 211 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 98365); common length : 132 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大體重: 80.0 kg (Ref. 52332)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 45 - 57; 臀鰭軟條: 23 - 37. Snout moderately long and pointed at tip. Lower lip continuous, not interrupted at centre. Barbels halfway between tip of snout and mouth, reaching the latter. Five rows of scutes, dorsal 11-17, lateral 49-70, but usually 55-56 on each side, ventral 10-16, with no smaller plates between dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back grey, flanks lighter, belly white.
吻中等長度而頂端尖的。 下唇連續, 不在中心中斷。 觸鬚在吻尖與被達到後者的嘴之間的中點。 五個列的鱗甲, 背部的 11-17, 側面的 49-70, 但是通常 55-56 在兩邊 , 腹面 10-16 上, 沒有在背部與腹的列之間的小板。 背面的顏色灰色的﹐側面顏色較淡﹐和腹部白色的。
Adults occur in the sea close to shores and estuaries and in deep stretches of large rivers over muddy substrate. Are usually solitary. Juveniles live in shallow riverine habitats (Ref. 59043). Feed on mollusks, amphipods and chironomid larvae. Spawning takes place in strong-current habitats in main course of large and deep rivers on stone or gravel bottom (Ref. 59043) from end of April to June (end of May in Rioni River, Black Sea) (Ref. 3193).
發現在泥上了與通常獨居性的。 吃軟體動物，片腳類動物與寶刀魚仔魚。 從四月底到六月 (五月底在 Rioni 河, 黑海) 產卵。 (參考文獻 3193)
Most juveniles move to sea in their first summer and remain there until they reach maturity. Others remain for a longer period. In autumn, individuals migrate to the rivers and remain there until the following spring to spawn (Ref. 59043). Females reproduce every 2-3 and males every 1-2 years (Ref. 59043).歐洲與前蘇聯: 里海的與鹹海, 在黑海與亞速海中非常稀少。 人工地繁殖; 滅絕的在鹹海.(參考文獻 6866) 國際間的買賣限制 ( 引用2, 自從 1.4.98 以後; 公分 附錄 2).
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (A2cde); Date assessed: 14 September 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.7 - 11.1, mean 10.4 °C (based on 9 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00355 - 0.00933), b=3.18 (3.05 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.04-0.12; tmax=30; Fec=165,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
