Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; مهاجرة بين الياه الملحه و الحلوة لكن ليس للتزاوج (Ref. 46888). Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614)
Eastern Atlantic: widespread from Sierra Leone to Angola (Ref. 57413, 81660), its northern range may extends to Senegal (Ref. 57413). Reported southward up to the Kunene in Namibia (Ref. 33587). Also known from the islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Ref. 10812), including Bioko, Annobon (Equatorial Guinea) and Sao Tome and Principe (Ref. 81660).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.5 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 130826)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 7; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 8 - 9; شوكة شرجية: 1; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: 53-68 scales in longitudinal series on flanks, plus up to 13 scales on caudal fin base; 17-24 (usually 18 or more) scales in rearward transverse series (Ref. 57413). No discrete dark spot present on upper pectoral fin base, if dark pigment present, not distinct from pigment on nape; sensory papillae on upper rear field of opercle form a forked row (Ref. 81660).
Occurs in coastal rivers, lagoons, creeks, estuaries (Ref. 6802, 57413, 81660) and mangrove areas (Ref. 6802, 57413). Maximum reported total length 265 mm (Ref. 6802).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Harrison, I.J., P.J. Miller and F. Pezold, 2003. Eleotridae. p. 670-690 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57413)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير ذات اهمية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 27.9, mean 26.5 °C (based on 64 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.00592 - 0.05859), b=3.06 (2.80 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (18 of 100).
