Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مياه عميقة; نطاق العمق 40 - 1050 m (Ref. 52180), usually 300 - 700 m (Ref. 52180). Deep-water; 68°N - 55°S, 180°W - 180°E
North Atlantic: Nova Scotia and Grand Banks (Canada) to Massachusetts, USA (Ref. 7251). Also known from the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. Southeast Atlantic and Indian Ocean: South Africa and Australia (including New South Wales). Southwest Pacific: New Zealand. Southern Ocean. Antitropical.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4542); common length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3397)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 5; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 37 - 41; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 20 - 24. Dark brown to black, occasionally almost bluish; median and pelvic fins darker than body; young with 2-4 vertical bars (Ref. 4410). Snout is slightly longer than the eye diameter (Ref. 35388).
An oceanic, epipelagic or mesopelagic species (Ref. 6942). Juveniles occurring in surface waters (Ref. 4542) and associated with pelagic medusas and salps (Ref. 4410), adults found deeper (Ref. 4542). May form small schools. Appears to feed on whatever is available, small fish, squid, large pelagic crustaceans, and other plankton (Ref. 4542).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Haedrich, R.L., 1990. Centrolophidae. p. 1011-1013. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6942)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: فوائد محتملة; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.7 - 11.9, mean 7 °C (based on 632 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00334 - 0.01306), b=3.09 (2.91 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفظ جدا, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أكثر من 14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.3 [4.9, 29.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.277 [0.123, 0.772] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.164 [0.069, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 21.1 [7.6, 55.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.5 [2.8, 160.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.376 [0.209, 0.737] mg/100g (wet weight);
