分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins)
脂鯉目 (Characins) >
Alestidae (African tetras)
Alestidae (African tetras)
Etymology: Alestes: Greek, alestes, -oy = miller (Ref. 45335).
Issue
Three subspecies were described on the basis of different morphological characters: tchadense Blache, 1964, soudanensis and eburneensis Paugy, 1986. However they should rather be considered as populations having equivalent ecological characteristics (D. Paugy, pers,comm 21 Mar. 2013).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.5 - 7.8; dH range: ? - 30; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 15°C - 35°C
Africa: Senegal, Gambia, the coastal basins of the Côte d'Ivoire (Comoé, Bandama and Sassandra), Volta, Niger/Benué and Chad basin (Ref. 2880, 81279). Also present in Nile, Omo, Lake Albert and Lake Turkana (Ref. 2880, 28714). Three populations - previously as subspecies - may be distinguished by slight morphological differences but they have the same ecological charasterics: in Nile River, Lake Albert, Omo River and Lake Turkana ('baremoze'); in Senegal River, Gambia River, Tominé River, Volta basin, Niger basin and Chad basin ('soudaniensis'); in coastal basins of Côte d'Ivoire, namely Sassandra River, Bandama River and Comoé River ('eburneensis') (Ref. 42019).
非洲: 甘比亞，塞內加爾，尼日, 象牙海岸 (Comoe ， Bandama 與薩桑德拉河) ，查德的佛塔河流域，尼羅河，湖艾伯特湖與特坎那湖的海岸流域。 三個型式存在: ( Alestes baremoze soudaniensis) 西非內陸的,( Alestes baremoze eburneensis) 西非海岸的與 ( Alestes baremoze baremoze) Nilotic。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 20.9, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2703); 40.0 cm TL (female); 最大體重: 500.00 g (Ref. 3023); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 2758)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 22 - 31; 脊椎骨: 41 - 49. Diagnosis: at least 30 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch (30-41); 38-51 lateral line scales, with 7.5-9.5 above and 3.5 below; anal fin with three simple rays and 19-28 branched rays; dorsal-fin origin distinctly behind level of pelvic-fin insertions (Ref. 2759, 81279).
具有藍灰色的黑白腹面 , 淺灰色的鰭銀色的色彩,完全地覆蓋著鱗片了; 蘇丹人的魚在尾鰭的下葉上有橘色的顏色。 臀鰭彎曲的外部邊緣: 些微地而且經常地在雌性中凹曲; 形成一個前面的葉在雄性有一些鰭條清楚比較長的。 發展良好的囟門。 與 A. dentex 重疊分佈了。
Mainly diurnal. There is considerable flexibility in its diet, A. baremoze shifts from zooplankton to zoobenthos, detritus and macrophytes as plankton densities decline (Ref. 28714). Occurs at a temperature range of 14.6-35.0°C. In the Malamfatori area (Tchad), seine-net fishery on the River Yobe depends on seasonal upstream (from Lake Chad) and downstream migration during the flood (August-December) and dry (January-March) seasons, respectively. Also, there is an intensive gillnet fishery from July-October at the river mouth. A. baremoze moves offshore (in Lake Chad) beginning March.
主要日行性。 在它的食性， A. baremoze 從浮游動物到底棲動物的變化, 碎屑與大型植物的有相當多的彈性當浮游生物密度消退.(參考文獻 28714) 生存在一個 14.6-35.0個 ° C. 的溫差 在 Malamfatori 區域 (Tchad) 中，分別地,在河 Yobe 上的曳網-網的漁場在洪水 (八月-十二月) 與乾 (一月-三月) 季節期間仰賴季節性的向上游的 (從查德湖) 而向下游的遷移。 同時, 有一個密集的刺網漁業從七月-在河嘴的十月。 A. baremoze 移動外海 (在查德湖) 初期三月。
Spawning cycle from Tables XVI-XVIII of Ref. 2759 for maturity stages 3-4 GSI 1.5-16% from deltaic zone, upstream (Logone-Chari River), downstream (N'Djamena) and in the southeastern archipelago of Lake Chad. Spawning takes place from 16:30-20:00 h. Eggs spawned in one batch representing 15% of weight of female. Mature females dispersed, not forming groups. 非洲: 甘比亞，塞內加爾，尼日, 象牙海岸 (Comoe ， Bandama 與薩桑德拉河) ，查德的佛塔河流域，尼羅河，湖艾伯特湖與特坎那湖的海岸流域。 三個型式存在: ( Alestes baremoze soudaniensis) 西非內陸的,( Alestes baremoze eburneensis) 西非海岸的與 ( Alestes baremoze baremoze) Nilotic。
Teugels, G.G., C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and K. Traoré, 1988. État des connaissances sur la faune ichtyologique des bassins côtiers de Côte d'Ivoire et de l'ouest du Ghana. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 21(3):221-237. (Ref. 272)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00867 - 0.01387), b=3.00 (2.94 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 (1.3 - 2.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.42; tm=2-3; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 104 [37, 225] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.79, 3.43] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.458 [0.176, 1.204] g/100g; Selenium = 85.2 [36.2, 188.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.9 [11.8, 71.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.79 [1.29, 2.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
