分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 30 - ? m. 溫帶; 66°N - 59°N, 16°E - 31°E
Europe: Baltic basin, lakes of upper Volga drainage (Seliger, Vseluga, Perejaslavskoe), some lakes of White sea basin and North Sea basin east of Elbe drainage. Anadromous in Gulf of Finland and marine in northernmost freshened part of Gulf of Bothnia; north to about 69° N in Lake Inari, northern Finland; lower Rhine (now extirpated). Frequently stocked in lakes and reservoirs in Germany and Poland.
歐洲與亞洲: 在從英格蘭到西北俄國的湖中。 在波羅的海中: 在 Bothnian 海灣與芬蘭灣的東方末端。 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 根據被侷限於斯堪的那維亞半島與俄國的 Kottelat(參考文獻 13696) 。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 556); 最大體重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 556); 最大年齡: 10 年 (Ref. 593)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 17.
Lacustrine and marine in open water. At sea, forages close to coast (Ref. 59043). Forms pelagic schools in deeper lakes (Ref. 4779). Spawns along shores, at 3-10 m depth, rarely to 22 m depth or just below surface. Spawns deeper in clear lakes and closer to surface in lakes with humic waters (Ref. 59043). Spawns on shallow sand or gravel substrate. Anadromous in the Baltic. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 4779).
在較深的湖中形成大洋性魚群。 產卵於水淺的沙子或礫石底部。 在波羅的海中溯河洄游產卵。 一個非迴游性的淡水族群存在。 吃浮游性甲殼動物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ascend a short distance up the rivers in shoals in late August to mid-October. Mature in the second year (lacustrine forms later) and the young ones descend in late summer (Ref. 4779).歐洲與亞洲: 在從英格蘭到西北俄國的湖中。 在波羅的海中: 在 Bothnian 海灣與芬蘭灣的東方末端。 伯恩公約的附錄 3(受保育的動物群). 根據被侷限於斯堪的那維亞半島與俄國的 Kottelat(參考文獻 13696) 。
Svetovidov, A.N., 1984. Salmonidae. p. 373-385. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 1. (Ref. 4779)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 August 2023
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 實驗的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 2.1 - 4.5, mean 2.6 °C (based on 38 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00389 - 0.00563), b=3.21 (3.17 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3-0.7; tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=2,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.4 [13.3, 39.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.364 [0.260, 0.521] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 1.12 [0.49, 2.91] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [8.0, 39.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.8 [5.2, 36.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.609 [0.504, 0.716] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
