You can sponsor this page

Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758

Swordfish
Ajouter votre observation dans Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Xiphias gladius   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Envoyez vos Photos et vidéos
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Images Google
Image of Xiphias gladius (Swordfish)
Xiphias gladius
Picture by CAFS

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Carangiformes (Jacks) > Xiphiidae (Swordfish)
Etymology: Xiphias: Greek, xiphos = sword (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 2878 m (Ref. 116993), usually 0 - 550 m (Ref. 54934). Temperate; 5°C - 27°C (Ref. 43); 69°N - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 54934)

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: tropical and temperate and sometimes cold waters, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Black Sea, and the Sea of Azov. Highly migratory species. Mt DNA restriction analysis reveal that genetic differentiation occurs between populations inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Atlantic ocean, indicating little genetic exchange occurring between the two (Ref. 12784).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm 212.0, range 156 - 250 cm
Max length : 455 cm FL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 40637); common length : 300 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 9354); poids max. publié: 650.0 kg (Ref. 4689)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 38 - 56; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 16 - 18. Blackish-brown fading to light-brown below; 1st dorsal fin with blackish-brown membrane, other fins brown or blackish-brown (Ref. 43). A long, flat, sword-like bill and no pelvic fins (Ref. 26938).

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

Oceanic but sometimes found in coastal waters (Ref. 9354). Generally above the thermocline (Ref. 9354), preferring temperatures of 18°C to 22°C (Ref. 9987). Larvae are frequently encountered at temperatures above 24 °C (Ref. 9702). Migrate toward temperate or cold waters in the summer and back to warm waters in the fall. Adults are opportunistic feeders, known to forage for their food from the surface to the bottom over a wide depth range (Ref. 9702). Feed mainly on fishes (Atlantic mackerel, barracudinas, silver hake, redfish, herring and lanternfishes (Ref. 5951); also on crustaceans and squids (Ref. 9354). They use their sword to kill their prey (Ref. 9354). Large individuals may accumulate large percentages of mercury in its flesh (Ref. 9354). Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Spawning takes place in Atlantic during spring in southern Sargasso Sea. Migrate to cooler waters to feed (Ref. 4689). Females grow fastest. Determination of age is difficult since the otoliths are very small and scales are missing in adults. Year rings have been successfully counted on cross sections of the fin rays (Ref. 35388). Pelagic eggs measure 1.6-1.8mm and the newly hatched larvae is 4 mm long. Sword is well developed at a length of 10mm and young live pelagically in the upper water layers where they quickly develop into very voracious predators (Ref. 35388). Mt DNA restriction analysis reveal that genetic differentiation occurs between populations inhabiting the Mediterranean Sea and the tropical Atlantic ocean, indicating little genetic exchange occurring between the two (Ref. 12784). Good food fish, marketed fresh or frozen, and can be made into sashimi, teriyaki or fillets (Ref. 9354).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

In the Atlantic Ocean, spawning occurs in the upper water layer at depths between 0 and 75 m, at temperatures around 23°C, and salinity of 33.8 to 37.4 ppt. The distribution of larval broadbill swordfish in the Pacific Ocean indicates that spawning occurs mainly in waters with a temperature of 24°C or more. Spawning appears to occur in all seasons in equatorial waters, but is restricted to spring and summer at higher latitudes (Ref. 30448). Fertilisation in broadbill swordfish is external and pairing of solitary males and females is thought to occur when spawning (Ref. 9742). Broadbill swordfish are reported to spawn in the upper layers of the water column, from the surface to a depth of 75 m (Ref. 43). Estimates of egg numbers vary considerably, from 1 million to 16 million in 168,000 g female (Ref. 9742) and 29 million in a 272,000 g female (Ref. 30372).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Nakamura, I., 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 43)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Quasi-menacé (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 01 May 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme






Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Distribution
Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Cerveaux
Otolithes
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Type de nage
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de poissons
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Collaborateurs
References
Références

Outils

Articles particuliers

Télécharger en XML

Sources Internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 10.9 - 27.6, mean 22.7 °C (based on 5276 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00380 (0.00160 - 0.00904), b=3.14 (2.92 - 3.36), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.9 (6.1 - 13.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11 growth studies.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (rm=0.076; K=0.23; tm=5-6; tmax=9).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.69, Based on 17 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 9 [4, 16] mg/100g; Iron = 0.278 [0.142, 0.491] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.0, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.333 [0.155, 0.694] g/100g; Selenium = 44.1 [17.4, 121.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.71 [1.63, 20.67] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.443 [0.157, 0.783] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.