分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes)
鯰形目 (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 13614); 12°N - 4°N
Africa: from the Géba (Guinea-Bissau) to the Cavally (Côte d'Ivoire) (Ref. 57129). Also reported from the Casamance (Senegal)(Ref. 57129).
非洲: Konkoure 系統 (幾內亞) 到卡瓦利河 (象牙海岸).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 57129)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 79 - 93; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 67 - 79; 脊椎骨: 63 - 68. Diagnosis: typical extremely elongate, eel-shaped body (maximum body depth 8.7-13.9% of standard length); head length 20.2% SL (Ref. 57129). Head rather rectangular in dorsal outline; snout broadly rounded; eyes more dorsally located; frontal fontanelle intermediate between "knife-shaped" and "sole-shaped"; occipital fontanelle broadly oval-shaped; "dermosphenotic" and supraorbital bones are joined; tooth plates relatively small; premaxillary longer than vomerine (Ref. 248). Distance between occipital process and dorsal-fin base relatively large (8.3-12.4% of standard length); dorsal and anal fins (67.7-75.0% and 50.6-58.9%, respectively, of standard length) very long and sometimes partially confluent with caudal fin (Ref. 57129). Pectoral spine serrated on both sides (Ref. 248, 57129). Gill rakers long and distantly set (Ref. 248).
Coloration: fresh specimens dark brown on back; sides marked with irregular blackish spots, belly light brown to beige; a vertical bar may be present on caudal fin (Ref. 57129). Flanks with vertical rows of small white spots (Ref. 248, 57129).
頭部相當矩形在背部的輪廓中; 吻寬廣地圓的; 眼位於更背面。 額骨囪門介於之間刀狀的 '與唯一的 - 形狀的'; 後頭骨囪門寬廣橢圓形。 那皮蝶骨的' 與上眼窩骨合併在一起。 齒板相當小的; 上頜骨前的長度超過犛骨。 背鰭與臀鰭不真實地與尾鰭匯和鰭。 胸棘在兩邊上鋸齒狀的了。 鰓耙長的而且遠遠地豎立。 呈現在側面上的白色的垂直列的第二感覺管的開口
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Occurs in river systems which arise in mountainous areas and are entirely within the rain forest (Ref. 248). Very little is known about the biology, but on basis of its distribution the species appears to be restricted to the rain forest (Ref. 78218).
出現於在多山的區域中出現而且在雨森林裡面是完全地的河流域。 (參考文獻 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
非洲: Konkoure 系統 (幾內亞) 到卡瓦利河 (象牙海岸).
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00343 - 0.01757), b=2.97 (2.79 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
