分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Sauvage.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; dH range: 15 - 25; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 10°N - 11°S
Africa: from coastal rivers of Benin and Nigeria over rivers Cross, Sanaga, Wouri and Ogooué (Cameroon and Gabon) to the Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola, Congo Republic, Central African Republic and Zambia) (Ref. 248).
非洲: 在剛果河流域中, 在奧克維河中, 在沙那加河中, 在 Wouri 河中, 在十字河與奈及利亞與貝南共和國的沿海河川中。 記錄來自 Luongo 河，剛果河流域，尚比亞了。 (參考文獻 27609)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 34.1 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 11363)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 75 - 88; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 55 - 68; 脊椎骨: 56 - 63. Diagnosis: head relatively broad, 14.2-20.9% of standard length (Ref. 57129, 81644). Head length 21.0-27.9% SL (Ref. 101841). Wide interorbital distance (Ref. 248), 41.3-51.8% averaging 46.4% of head length (Ref. 57129, 81644). Large tooth plates (Ref. 248), width of premaxillary tooth plate 25.9-37.2% of head length (m=29.5), width of vomerine tooth plate 21.0-31.2% of head length (Ref. 57129, 81644). Barbels extremely long (Ref. 248, 57129, 81644), nasal barbel 77.8-187.5%, maxillary barbel 142.9-305.8%, inner mandibular barbell 58.9-128.7%, and outer mandibular barbell 104.3-211.2% of head length (Ref. 57129, 81644). Head rather rectangular in dorsal outline; eyes more laterally located (Ref. 248). Frontal fontanelle long and narrow ("knife-shaped")(Ref. 248, 57129). Occipital fontanelle oval-shaped; pectoral spine robust and slightly curved (Ref. 248), strongly serrated on outside and inside (Ref. 81644, 101841). Gill rakers on first branchial arch long and slender; suprabranchial organ well developed, however not completely filling the cavity (Ref. 248). Openings of secondary canals of lateral line irregularly placed on the body (Ref. 248, 81644). Cleithrum mostly embedded in soft tissue, only thin bony ridge is exposed through skin; dorsal fin length 61.5-73.0% SL; distance from dorsal to caudal fin -1.4-2.1% SL (Ref. 101841).
Colouration: both live and preserved specimens usually dark-coloured (Ref. 57129, 81644, 101841). 2 types of colouration: one uniform dark brown to black on back and sides and light on belly (Ref. 57129, 81644, 101841), and upper sides of paired fins dark on lower sides and light on upper sides (Ref. 248). The other marbled, with small brown spots against a light background on back and sides and belly whitish; very dark unpaired fins; caudal fin with a series of vertical bars (a light bar in the middle flanked by dark ones)(Ref. 248, 57129, 81644, 101841). Some specimens may show irregular pattern of small white spots on body (Ref. 101841).
宽的眼间距; 大的齿板; 非常长的触须。 头部相当矩形在背部的轮廓中; 眼更侧面位于。 额骨囱门长而狭窄的;(刀状的') 后头骨囱门椭圆形的。 胸棘结实的而且些微地弯曲。 在第一个鳃弓上的鳃耙长且细的。 鳃前的器官发展良好的, 然而不完全地填充洞。 侧线的第二感觉管的开口不规则地放置在身体上。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in lakes, rivers, floodplains and swamps. Bottom feeder, the stomach contained plants, algae, insect larvae (Ephemeroptera, Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Odonata), Entomostraca (Cladocera, Ostracoda), Thecamiba and remains of insects (Ref. 248).
发现于湖，河，洪泛区与沼泽了。 底部捕食者 , 包含植物，藻类，昆虫幼生 (蜉蝣，摇蚊，蠓科昆虫, 蜻蛉) ， Entomostraca(枝角目浮游动物, 介形亚纲动物) 的腹部 , Thecamiba 而且昆虫保持.(参考文献 248) 在湖 Nyasa 的南方部分中在拖网捕获了, 藉着手钓在北方中.(参考文献 4967)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
非洲: 在剛果河流域中, 在奧克維河中, 在沙那加河中, 在 Wouri 河中, 在十字河與奈及利亞與貝南共和國的沿海河川中。 記錄來自 Luongo 河，剛果河流域，尚比亞了。 (參考文獻 27609)
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00500 - 0.01450), b=2.95 (2.81 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 42.4 [20.5, 211.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.66 [0.95, 2.88] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.7, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.257 [0.086, 0.727] g/100g; Selenium = 119 [41, 307] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.7 [13.4, 106.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.986 [0.680, 1.402] mg/100g (wet weight);
