分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 7.5; dH range: ? - 25. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 5°N - 8°S
Africa: basins of the Ogooué, Noya (Muni River tributary), Kouilou and Chiloango (Ref. 81644), as well as in the lower and middle Congo River basin including Lake Tumba and Pool Malebo (Ref. 248). Also reported from the upper Congo (Ref. 106245).
非洲: 剛果河流域下游與中游,包括湖 Tumba 與水池 Malebo, 也發現於 Chiloango 系統與在奧克維河中。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 36.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3820)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 72 - 88; 臀鳍软条: 56 - 71; 脊椎骨: 55 - 71. Diagnosis: head length 24.4-27.7% SL (Ref. 81644, 101841). Head rather pointed in dorsal outline; snout slightly rounded; eyes located more dorsally (Ref. 248). Interorbital distance 41.1-45.4% HL (Ref. 101841). Tooth plates relatively small (Ref 248), width of premaxillary tooth plate 21.3-28.2% HL, and of vomerine tooth plate 18.6-25.9% HL (Ref. 101841). Nasal barbel 78.3-110% HL; outer mandibular barbel 58.0-142% HL (Ref. 101841). Frontal fontanelle short and squat (`sole-shaped'); occipital fontanelle small and oval-shaped; `dermosphenotic' and supraorbital bones become sutured in larger specimens (above 65 mm SL) (Ref. 248). Pectoral spine robust, slightly curved (Ref. 248) and strongly serrated on outside and inside (Ref. 81644, 101841). Number of gill rakers varies with standard length (Ref. 248), 16-28 on first gill arch (Ref. 81644). Suprabranchial organ well developed, nearly filling the cavity (Ref. 248). Openings of the lateral branches of the lateral line irregularly placed (Ref. 248, 81644). 56-71 anal fin rays (Ref. 81644). Large part of bony surface of cleithrum exposed through the skin; posterior border of visible part sometimes forms almost straight line; cleithrum length 21.5-26.0% HL; dorsal fin length 65.7-75.0% SL; distance from dorsal to caudal fin 0.0-2.5% SL (Ref. 101841).
Colouration: brownish yellow in life; pigmentation may be uniform but is more often marbled, with many, small yellowish spots (Ref. 81644, 101841). Distal quarter of caudal fin is clearer than anterior portion (Ref. 248, 81644, 101841). Some specimens may show irregular pattern of small white spots on body (Ref. 101841).
头部相当尖在背部的轮廓中; 吻略圆的; 眼更背面位于。 额骨囱门短与蹲;(唯一的-形状的') 后头骨囱门小而椭圆形的。 皮蝶骨的' 与上眼窝骨变成在较大的标本 (上方 65 mm SL) 缝合.(在上面 65 mm SL) 齿板相当小的。 胸棘结实的而且些微地弯曲。 鳃耙的数字随着 SL 改变。 鳃前的器官发展良好的, 几乎填充洞。 侧线的侧面分支的开口不规则地放置。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Found in lakes, rivers and floodplains (during breeding season); stomach contents consisted of sand, plants, larvae of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Chironomidae, remains of insects and fish scales (Ref. 248, 78218).
发现于湖，河与洪泛区了。 (在繁殖季节的时候) 胃内含物有了沙子，植物，蜉蝣的幼生，毛翅目与摇蚊, 昆虫与鱼鳞保持.(参考文献 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Juvenile specimens were found in isolated pools in the forest which might indicate that reproduction takes place during the rainy season.非洲: 剛果河流域下游與中游,包括湖 Tumba 與水池 Malebo, 也發現於 Chiloango 系統與在奧克維河中。
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00343 - 0.01757), b=2.97 (2.79 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.7 [18.4, 185.5] mg/100g; Iron = 1.57 [0.90, 2.69] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [15.7, 17.8] %; Omega3 = 0.249 [0.084, 0.695] g/100g; Selenium = 122 [42, 312] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.6 [12.8, 99.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.936 [0.651, 1.321] mg/100g (wet weight);
