分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
象鼻魚科 (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Gnathonemus: Greek, gnathos = jaw + Greek, nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Wilhelm Karl Hartwig Peters (1815–1883) was a German zoologist and traveller who made some very important collections in Mozambique. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. 熱帶; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 1672)
Africa: Niger to Congo River basins (Ref. 3203). Widespread in the Congo basin (Ref. 1878, 4910, 11970, 41580, 41591, 106245, 106290). Also reported from Lake Tanganyika (Ref. 114071). Report from the Cuanza in Angola (Ref. 99599) unconfirmed in Ref. 120641. Reports from Lake Kivu are erroneous (Ref. 46152, 107916).
非洲: 尼日到剛果河流域。 在十字河流域與 Chari 上游中,在 Ogun 中，僅限於尼日下游了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2915)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 25 - 31; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 32 - 36.
Occurs close to the bottom where it probes for food with the long snout. Territorial and usually aggressive towards members of its own species. This behavior has been shown to involve electric organ discharge (EOD) activity (Ref. 10011). Feeds mostly at night on worms and insects (Ref. 7020), probably aided by electro-sensory inputs (Ref. 10011). Electroreceptors are distributed over the entire head, the dorsal and ventral regions of the body, but absent from the side and the caudal peduncle where the electric organ is located (Ref. 10011). Sex-related EOD characteristics in this species has been demonstrated in the laboratory with freshly imported samples during the breeding season; such EOD dimorphism changed with time in captivity (Ref. 10764; 10766). Lead nitrate in water significantly increased EOD rate and selectively altered the EOD waveform of this species (Ref. 10469). Dubbed a `hearing specialist' having auditory abilities in the range of 100-2500 Hz, with `best frequencies' between 300 and 600 Hz (Ref. 10830). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size 150 cm; not recommended for home aquariums (Ref. 51539).
生存於接近底部在那裡它探查食物以長的吻尖。 具有領域性而且通常對同種的其他魚具有侵略性。 這行為已經被顯示包括發電器放電 (EOD) 活動。 (參考文獻 10011) 大部份在晚上捕食蠕蟲與昆蟲 (參考文獻 7020), 可能藉由發電-知覺的輸入的幫助。 (參考文獻 10011) 電感受體被佈滿整個頭, 背部與身體的腹面區域, 但是發電器官所在的體側與尾梗沒有出現.(參考文獻 10011) 這種的與性別有相關的 EOD 特性已經在繁殖季節的時候在實驗室被新輸入的樣本實驗證明; 如此的 EOD 同種二形隨著時間改變在繁殖場了 (參考文獻 10764; 10766)。 在水的硝酸鉛重要地增加了 EOD 率而且選擇性地改變了這種的 EOD 波形。 (參考文獻 10469) 被授予稱號了聽證會專家' 有聽覺的能力在 100-2500個赫茲的範圍中, 具有在 300 與 600Hz 之間的最好頻率.(參考文獻 10830) 水族館保持: 形成 5個或更多個體的群體; 水族館最小體型 150 公分; 不為家庭的水族箱魚推薦。 (參考文獻 51539)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 尼日到剛果河流域。 在十字河流域與 Chari 上游中,在 Ogun 中，僅限於尼日下游了。
Gosse, J.-P., 1984. Mormyridae. p. 63-122. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ORSTOM, Paris and MRAC, Tervuren. Vol. 1. (Ref. 3203)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 September 2019
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01288 (0.00598 - 0.02775), b=2.86 (2.68 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.34 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 169 [84, 395] mg/100g; Iron = 1.59 [0.74, 3.23] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.3, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.518 [0.209, 1.314] g/100g; Selenium = 70.2 [26.4, 176.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 35.8 [12.9, 96.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.74 [1.14, 3.40] mg/100g (wet weight);
