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Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Pantodontidae (Freshwater Butterflyfish)
齒蝶魚科 (Freshwater Butterflyfish)
Etymology: Pantodon: Greek, pan = all + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335); buchholzi: Named after Professor Dr. Buchholz, collector of the type specimens (Ref. 53310).
More on author: Peters.
Issue
Type species of the genus, by monotypy (Ref. 3515). Also Ref. 53310.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 23°C - 30°C (Ref. 13371)
West and Central Africa: Nigeria, Lake Chad, Cameroon, Ogowe basin, Congo basin and upper Zambezi River (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3515). Eastern distribution limit seems to be the Ouémé River in Benin (Ref. 1989, Ref. 3019), although it is also reported from the Jong River in Sierra Leone (Ref. 2921).
西非與中非: 奈及利亞，查德湖，喀麥隆，奧克維河流域, 剛果河流域與三比河上游.(參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3515) 它的分布的向東的極限似乎是在貝南 (參考文獻 1989, 參考文獻 3019) 的 Oueme 河，但是它也在 Jong 河，獅子山被觀察。 (參考文獻 2921)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52030)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 6; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 15. Compressed body, flattened on the dorsal side and head, careened on the ventral side behind the pelvic fins (Ref. 2921, Ref. 13851). Large mouth, with numerous teeth and a prominent lower jaw (Ref. 2921), upwardly directed (Ref. 3054, Ref. 42873). Short dorsal fin placed very posterior on the back (Ref. 2921), inserted behind the longer anal fin (Ref. 3054, Ref. 13851). Large development of the pectoral fins (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3054), enlarged and wing-like (Ref. 42873). Very advanced position of the pelvic fins, with 4 elongated, filamentous rays (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3054). The caudal fin is long, pointed and rather ragged, with the two centre rays the longest (Ref. 13851). Large cycloid scales (Ref. 2921), subcircular, with rounded but evident laterobasal angles (Ref. 53264): 26-30 lateral line scales, 21-26 predorsal scales (Ref. 52030, Ref. 52046). Extremely brilliant colored (Ref. 2921): dorsal side of the body olive-colored, ventral side silvery yellow amplified with carmine; sometimes with darker transversal bands on the back (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3032). The fins are vivid pink-colored with small brown-violet spots, forming transversal bands on the pectoral fins, and tinted with violet on the inside and extremities (Ref. 2921).
扁長形的身體, 在腹鰭後面的背部側邊與在腹的側邊上被傾斜的頭部上平的了。 (參考文獻 2921,參考文獻 13851) 大的嘴, 有很多的齒與一個突出的下頜 (參考文獻 2921), 向上地直接的。 (參考文獻 3054, 參考文獻 42873) 短背鰭位於非常後面的被插在較長的臀鰭後面的背部 (參考文獻 2921) 上了。 (參考文獻 3054, 參考文獻 13851) 胸鰭 (參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3054) 的大發展, 增大了與翼狀的.(參考文獻 42873) 位置非常前面的那腹鰭有 4個瘦長又絲狀的鰭條.(參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3054) 尾鰭是長的﹐尖的與相當衣衫襤褸, 有兩個中心鰭條最長的.(參考文獻 13851) 大的圓形鱗片 (參考文獻 2921), 子圓形的, 有圓的但是顯著的 laterobasal 角:(參考文獻 53264) 26-30個側線鱗片,21-26個前背的鱗片.(參考文獻 52030, 參考文獻 52046) 色彩非常豔麗的色彩:(參考文獻 2921) 身體的背面兩側橄欖色的, 腹的旁銀黃色的以洋紅色擴大; 在背部上有時具有深色的橫紋。 (參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3032) 鰭是生動的粉紅色的有小褐色-紫羅蘭色的斑點, 在胸鰭上形成橫紋, 與紫羅蘭色在內面與頂端上.(參考文獻 2921)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Pantodon buchholzi is a creature from calm waters (Ref. 51626). It lives in swamps, creeks and backwaters (Ref. 31256), and inhabits the calmer parts of rivers (Ref. 41580), where it can be seen on the surface waters (Ref. 4910). They are capable to jump out of the water, to search for insects or to escape from predators (Ref. 2921). It is not a glider, but a ballistic jumper (Ref. 52282), with a tremendous jumping power (Ref. 31256). It is an exophageous insectivore, feeding on terrestrial insects and aquatic larvae and nymphs of insects (Ref. 41580). It also feeds on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 7020). Introduced in 1905 to European aquarists (Ref. 51626, Ref. 53207). Pantodon buchholzi is a favorite fish for aquarists; in the aquarium it can rest with the top of the head and the large pectoral fins touching the surface, while the long rays of the pelvic fin hang down perpendicularly, forming a tempting morsel for other aggressive fish in the same tank, and therefore it should be stocked together with only bottom dwellers (Ref. 13851). Observed maximum length of 15.0 cm TL in aquarium (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3515).
齒蝶魚〔Pantodon buchholzi〕 是來自平靜的水域的生物。 (參考文獻 51626) 它生活在沼澤, 小溪與 buckwaters(參考文獻 31256) 中, 而且居住於河 (參考文獻 41580) 的較平靜的部份, 在那裡它在表面水域上能看到它.(參考文獻 4910) 他們有能力離開水面跳躍, 尋找昆蟲而且從掠食者脫逃.(參考文獻 2921) 它是不是一個滑行者，但是一個彈道曲線的跳躍者 (參考文獻 522822), 具有一個巨大的跳躍力量。 (參考文獻 31256) 它是一個 exophageous 食蟲動物, 吃陸棲的昆蟲與水中幼生與昆蟲的蛹.(參考文獻 41580) 它也吃甲殼類動物和魚類。 (參考文獻 7020) 在 1905 年對歐洲的水族館引入。 (參考文獻 51626, 參考文獻 53207) 齒蝶魚〔Pantodon buchholzi〕 是水族館的一個喜愛的魚; 在水族館，它能和頭部的頂端與大的胸鰭休息碰觸表面, 然而腹鰭的長鰭條垂直地懸掛下來,在相同的水族箱中為其他的侵略性魚形成一個誘惑人的一口，而且因此它應該被進貨伴隨著只有底部居民.(參考文獻 13851) 在水族館觀察 15.0 公分TL 的最大長度。 (參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3515)
It lays 80 to 220 eggs (Ref. 13371). The eggs have a diameter of about 1.5 mm (Ref. 41580).西非與中非: 奈及利亞，查德湖，喀麥隆，奧克維河流域, 剛果河流域與三比河上游.(參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3515) 它的分布的向東的極限似乎是在貝南 (參考文獻 1989, 參考文獻 3019) 的 Oueme 河，但是它也在 Jong 河，獅子山被觀察。 (參考文獻 2921)
Teugels, G.G., 1990. Pantodontidae. p. 116-118. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 1. Coll. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren and Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Paris. 384 p. (Ref. 2921)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 80-220).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
