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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Trachinotinae
Etymology: Trachinotus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek,noton = back (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي موجوداتی که در محدوده وسیعی از آبهای آزاد از نزدیک بستر و یا روی کف بستر، در قسمت های میان آبی تا سطح آب و در برخی گونه ها با قابلیت پرواز، زندگی و تغذیه می کنند.; تغييرات عمق 0 - 100 m (Ref. 122694). Subtropical; 35°N - 26°S, 121°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: Redondo Beach in southern California, USA to Chile, including the Galapagos Islands.
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 51.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 2850); common length : 30.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 55763)
Body deep (less so with age) and strongly compressed; mouth small; jaw teeth small, villiform, and only slightly hooked, disappearing with age; lower branch of first gill arch with 8 to 10 gill rakers; dorsal fin with 6 spines followed by another spine and 24 to 27 soft rays (VI+I, 24-27); upper third of body dark; belly white; flanks with golden highlights; no distinctive marks (Ref. 55763).
Adults are found in coastal waters, usually forming schools in shallow inshore sandy areas (Ref. 9283). They feed on mollusks, crustaceans, other invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9283). Excellent for human consumption. Minimum depth range based on estimate; to be replaced with a better reference.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.7 - 28.3, mean 23.2 °C (based on 70 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00517 - 0.01686), b=2.90 (2.73 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
