Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino; salobre demersal. Tropical; 33°N - 20°S
Eastern Pacific: Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico and southern Gulf of California to Ecuador.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 55763); common length : 40.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 55763)
Short description
Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Body short, deep, and compressed; mouth small; teeth small, villiform, and only slightly hooked, didsappearing with age; lower branch of first gill arch with 9 to 12 gill rakers; dorsal fin with 6 spines followed by another spine and 17 to 19 soft rays (VII+I,17-19); nape prominent in adults; upper third of head and body dark; belly silvery; a dark axillary stain I covered by the pectoral fin (Ref. 55763).
Adults occur in coastal waters (Ref. 9283). They are common in shallow water and feed mainly on mollusks, but also take crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 9283). Juveniles are frequently encountered in estuaries and feed on a variety of benthic invertebrates (Ref. 9283). Marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial; pesca deportiva: si
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.8 - 28.5, mean 25.9 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00796 - 0.02506), b=2.95 (2.79 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.55 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
