分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 190 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 35°N - 35°S, 30°E - 78°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Ducie Island, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia. Eastern Central Pacific: Mexico to Panama (Ref. 9283). Hybrid with Caranx sexfasciatus found in Hawaii (Ref. 58422).
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到迪西島, 北至琉球群島, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 中太平洋東部: 墨西哥到巴拿馬.(參考文獻 9283)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 35.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 117 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3280); 最大体重: 43.5 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 21 - 24; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 21; 脊椎骨: 24. This species is distinguished by the following characters: gill rakers (including rudiments) 5-9 + 17-21 = 25-29 (usually 26-27); breast completely scaly; straight part of lateral line with 0-10 anterior scales followed by 27-42 strong scutes; adipose eyelid weakly developed, small anteriorly, posterior adipose eyelid extends onto eye to rear border of pupil in large adults; upper jaw with outer row of strong canines widely spaced in adults, and an inner band of small villiform teeth, widest at symphysis; lower limb of first gill arch jaw with a single row of strong
conical teeth widely spaced in adults. Colour of adults with head and dorsal half of body brassy, suffused with blue, and covered with small blue black spots (forming at about 16 to 22 cm fork length and increasing in number with size); second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins electric blue; juveniles and young adults, head and body silvery grey and fins pale to dark dusky, except pectoral fins yellow (Ref. 9894, 90102).
头部与身体色彩黄铜色的; 中央的鳍铁青色; 稚鱼的鳍与幼鱼灰白的到暗色的, 除黄色的胸鳍。 27-42个强的鳞甲。 胸部完全覆盖着鳞片。 胸鳍镰刀状的。 2根棘从臀鳍分离了。
The most common trevally in coral reefs occurring singly or occasionally in schools (Ref. 90102). Adults are pelagic in coastal and oceanic waters, associated with reefs (Ref. 9283, 58302). Juveniles occur seasonally in shallow sandy inshore waters (Ref. 9710) and rivers (Ref. 12792). Adults feed mainly on other fishes (Ref. 9283) and crustaceans (Ref. 9710). They are often toxic when length reaches more than 50 cm (Ref. 4795). Mainly marketed fresh, but also dried or salted (Ref. 9283). They are caught primarily on hook-and-line and by spearing; also with traps and gill nets. An excellent sports fish (Ref. 9894).
一海岸的与大洋性鱼种, 伴随着礁了.(参考文献 9283) 稚鱼季节性地在水浅的沙地近岸水域出现。 (参考文献 9710) 发现于河了。 (参考文献 12792) 偶而形成鱼群。 主要捕食其他的鱼 (参考文献 9283), 也捕食甲壳类动物.(参考文献 9710) 时常有毒的它何时达到超过 50 公分的长度.(参考文献 4795) 主要地在市场上销售生鲜地了, 也乾燥或盐腌.(参考文献 9283)
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到迪西島, 北至琉球群島, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 中太平洋東部: 墨西哥到巴拿馬.(參考文獻 9283)
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 29, mean 27.9 °C (based on 2624 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.01459 - 0.02168), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.23; tm=2; Fec=49,700).
Prior r = 0.69, 95% CL = 0.45 - 1.03, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [6.6, 29.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.319 [0.174, 0.619] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [18.0, 22.7] %; Omega3 = 0.142 [0.084, 0.238] g/100g; Selenium = 56.3 [27.9, 115.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 62.9 [18.4, 209.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.451 [0.325, 0.642] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
