Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 2 - 275 m (Ref. 4727), usually 3 - 30 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; ? - 28°C; 43°N - 35°S, 98°W - 14°E
Western and Eastern Atlantic.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 23.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7251); common length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 5217); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 5.4 kg (Ref. 4699); العمر: 14 سنين (Ref. 128045)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 3; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 29 - 32; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 27 - 29. Greenish or bluish gray on back, orange-yellow on lower part of head and abdomen, with two broad diagonal curved bright blue bands running from snout to below and in front of pectoral fins, the lowermost continuous with a blue ring around lips; a broad blue bar across caudal peduncle, and blue sub-marginal bands in median fins (Ref. 13442).
Found over rocky or coral areas (Ref. 5217). May form schools, sometimes solitary over sand and grassy areas. Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 4727). It preys on sea urchins by blowing water to overturn it and then attacks it where the spines are short (Ref. 9710). Excellent food fish but occasionally can cause intoxication due to the liver.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Poisonous to eat
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً; لعبة سمكه: نعم; حوض مائي: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 694 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02818 (0.02342 - 0.03391), b=2.94 (2.89 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.15-0.57).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.5 [11.1, 71.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.509 [0.261, 1.159] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.5, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.147 [0.086, 0.260] g/100g; Selenium = 55.9 [27.7, 119.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 38.8 [10.7, 149.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.768 [0.513, 1.158] mg/100g (wet weight);
