分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 30 - 200 m (Ref. 27584), usually 30 - 50 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 15°C - 22°C (Ref. 57055); 39°N - 22°S, 19°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Angola (Ref. 4225, 57392), including the Mediterranean along the African coast. Range reported to extend south to Namibia (Ref. 27121).
東大西洋: 摩洛哥到安哥拉，包括地中海沿著非洲海岸。 範圍報告延伸南至那米比亞.(參考文獻 27121)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 57392); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 28 - 32; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 25 - 28. Diagnosis: body elongate and slightly compressed, its depth comprised from 3.8 to 4.4 times in fork length; eye posteriorly with a well developed adipose eyelid; 2 well separated dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 spine and 28-32 soft rays; anal fin with 2 detached spines, followed by 1 spine and 25-28 soft rays; last dorsal and anal ray transformed into a partially separate finlet, connected to the preceding ray by a low interradial membrane; pectoral fins short (comprised from 1.0 to 1.2 times in head length); scales small and cycloid; curved part of lateral line with 45-55 scales and 0-3 scutes, straight part with 0-8 scales and 24-32 scutes (Ref. 57392).
Coloration: back brownish to olivaceous, sides light olivaceous to whitish; a narrow yellowish band sometimes extending from head to caudal-fin base; a black spot on upper margin of gill cover; a black blotch with a narrow light distal margin present on second dorsal-fin lobe (Ref. 57392).
Form schools. They occur frequently near the bottom, mostly in depths of 30 to 50 m. Also pelagic and found near the surface at times. Entering brackish-water lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 57392). Feed on small fish and invertebrates (Ref. 3195). Spawning grounds are located in shallow waters (Ref. 57055). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
形成鱼群。 他们时常在底部的附近出现, 大部份在深度 30 到 50 公尺中。 也大洋性的而且偶而发现接近水表面。 捕食小鱼与无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 3195) 产卵场被位于浅水域。 (参考文献 57055)
A partial spawner (Ref. 57055).東大西洋: 摩洛哥到安哥拉，包括地中海沿著非洲海岸。 範圍報告延伸南至那米比亞.(參考文獻 27121)
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., J.-C. Quéro and M. Desoutter, 1990. Carangidae. p. 729-755. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7097)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.2 - 25.6, mean 19.2 °C (based on 58 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01281 - 0.01961), b=2.94 (2.91 - 2.97), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.16-0.3; Fec = 480,000).
Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.7 [15.4, 66.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.578 [0.312, 1.174] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.8, 21.6] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.178, 0.659] g/100g; Selenium = 38.9 [18.6, 89.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.8 [6.4, 46.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.471 [0.325, 0.712] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
