分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Lethrininae
Etymology: Lethrinus: Greek, lethrinia, a fish pertaining to genus Pagellus.
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 5 - 30 m (Ref. 37816). 熱帶; 30°N - 27°S, 70°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: Maldives (Ref. 30829) and Sri Lanka to the Ryukyu Islands, Papua New Guinea, and northeast Australia. Reported from Viet Nam but this is probably a misidentification (Ref. 2682).
印度-西太平洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) 與斯里蘭卡到琉球群島，巴布亞新幾內亞與澳洲東北部。 記錄來自越南了但是這可能是一個錯誤的鑑定.(參考文獻 2682)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 20 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 48635)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body relatively deep, its depth 2.3-2.6 times in standard length. Head length 0.8-0.9 times in body depth, 2.7-3 times in SL, dorsal profile near eye convex; snout length about 2-2.5 times in HL, measured without the lip the snout is 0.9-1.1 times in cheek height, its dorsal profile nearly straight or slightly concave, snout angle relative to upper jaw between 65° and 75°; interorbital space convex; posterior nostril a longitudinal oblong opening, closer to orbit than anterior nostril; eye situated close to dorsal profile, its length 3.3-4.1 times in HL; cheek height 2.2-2.8 times in HL; lateral teeth in jaws rounded with points or molars; outer surface of maxilla usually smooth, sometimes with a longitudinal ridge. D X,9 with the 4th or 5th dorsal-fin spine the longest, its length 2.7-3.3 times in body depth; A III,8 with the first soft ray usually the longest, its length longer than length of base of soft-rayed portion of anal fin and 1.1-1.5 times in length of entire anal-fin base; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin membranes between rays closest to body without dense melanophores; cheek without scales; 46-47 lateral-line scales; 5 ½ scale rows between lateral line and base of middle dorsal-fin spines; 15-16 scale rows in transverse series between origin of anal fin and lateral line; 13-15 rows in lower series of scales around caudal peduncle; usually 3-8 scales in supratemporal patch; inner surface of pectoral-fin base densely covered with scales; posterior angle of operculum fully scaly. Colour of body dusky whitish, lighter below, with 5-6 orange stripes; posterior edge of opercle and preopercle bright red (the former more conspicuous); head brown or tan, sometimes a red spot on lower front edge of eye; pectoral fins orangish; pelvic and anal fins, and most of dorsal fin whitish; edge of dorsal and caudal fins reddish (Ref. 114226).
體色是暗色的微白色的, 變成腹面顏色較淡, 有四個或六條橘色的斑紋。 鰓蓋與前鰓蓋骨的後緣是鮮紅色。 頭部是褐色或者黃褐色的, 在眼的下面前緣上有時有一個紅色的斑點。 胸鰭是橘色的; 腹鰭, 肛門而大部分的背鰭是微白色的。 背部的邊緣與尾鰭是淡紅的。 (參考文獻 2295)
Inhabits sandy and soft bottoms and seagrass beds in inshore bays, lagoons and areas adjacent to reefs. Usually in small groups (Ref. 48635). Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, polychaetes and small fishes. Juveniles commonly visit the tidal reef flats to feed when the water is high (Ref. 48635). Caught by trap, handline, shore seine, trawl, and handline. Minor importance in fisheries where it occurs (Ref. 68703).
在近海海灣，潟湖與鄰近礁的區域中棲息於砂質與軟質底部與海草床。 通常形成小的群。 (參考文獻 48635) 吃甲殼動物，軟體動物，棘皮動物，多毛類動物與小魚。 稚魚通常留在潮汐的礁石平臺覓食當水位高時.(參考文獻 48635)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 馬爾地夫 (參考文獻 30829) 與斯里蘭卡到琉球群島，巴布亞新幾內亞與澳洲東北部。 記錄來自越南了但是這可能是一個錯誤的鑑定.(參考文獻 2682)
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.5 - 29.3, mean 28.7 °C (based on 2098 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.01094 - 0.03320), b=3.02 (2.87 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.4-0.5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 54.4 [37.9, 81.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.958 [0.627, 1.401] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [17.6, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.122 [0.086, 0.173] g/100g; Selenium = 40 [23, 66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 24.7 [5.2, 128.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.28 [1.72, 2.96] mg/100g (wet weight);
