分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers)
裸頰鯛科 (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Etymology: Gymnocranius: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kranion = skull (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 20 - 170 m (Ref. 12260). 熱帶; 35°N - 28°S, 32°E - 134°W
Indo-Pacific: East Africa to southeastern Oceania and from Australia northward to Japan. This species has been referred to as Gymnocranius robinsoni in recent literature.
印度-太平洋: 廣泛地分佈從東非到大洋洲東南方而且從澳洲向北至日本。 這種已經在最近的文獻中被歸屬於 紋頰裸頂鯛〔Gymnocranius robinsoni〕 。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2295); common length : 64.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 37816); 最大體重: 5.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (總數) : 10; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 10.
在吻部上的水平的藍色線是特殊的。 (參考文獻 37816,48635) 前額輪廓一般陡峭。 大的成魚在眼的前端上的後頸與一個骨架上發育一個骨脊。 胸鰭葉腋的內面沒有鱗片。 整體的色彩是銀色的有細的褐色鱗片邊緣。 前半部的頭部時常褐色的有一系列的狹窄波動, 在頰部與吻部的側邊上的縱向線。 鰭是黃色或橘色的; 尾鰭時常暗褐色; 橫過胸鰭基底鰭的一條狹窄的褐色橫帶。 在大約 25 公分 SL 下面的稚魚時常 5 或 6條深色的橫帶側邊上與一個深色的橫帶眼睛下面。
Inhabits offshore reefs (Ref. 9710), trawling grounds of the continental shelves and offshore rocky bottoms (Ref. 30573). Juveniles inshore on muddy substrates (Ref. 48635). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 90102). Feeds mostly on bottom invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 30573). Potential commercial fish if sufficient stocks can be located (Ref. 9775). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9775); sometimes with a strong and unpleasant flavor (Ref. 11888).
棲息於外海礁石 (參考文獻 9710) ，大陸棚與外海岩石底部的拖網漁場。 (參考文獻 30573) 稚魚在沿海地區的泥質底部。 (參考文獻 48635) 大部份捕食底棲無脊椎動物與小魚。 (參考文獻 30573) 可能的商業魚如果充份的分枝能被設置.(參考文獻 9775) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了;(參考文獻 9775) 有時有一種強而不愉快的滋味。 (參考文獻 11888)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 廣泛地分佈從東非到大洋洲東南方而且從澳洲向北至日本。 這種已經在最近的文獻中被歸屬於 紋頰裸頂鯛〔Gymnocranius robinsoni〕 。
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.6 - 28.3, mean 26.8 °C (based on 971 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01172 - 0.03557), b=2.88 (2.73 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.23).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.1 [12.4, 44.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.444 [0.237, 0.745] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.7, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.133 [0.079, 0.191] g/100g; Selenium = 49.7 [31.1, 84.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.9 [15.7, 134.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.876 [0.633, 1.196] mg/100g (wet weight);
