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Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792)

Nassau grouper
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Epinephelus striatus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus striatus (Nassau grouper)
Epinephelus striatus
Picture by Randall, J.E.

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 1 - 90 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 35°N - 34°S, 92°W - 34°W (Ref. 5222)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida, Bahamas, Yucatan Peninsula and throughout the Caribbean to southern Brazil. Not known from the Gulf of Mexico except at the Campeche Bank off the coast of Yucatan, at Tortugas and off Key West.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm 48.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 122 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5227); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 25.0 kg (Ref. 5222); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 29 έτη (Ref. 45400)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 11 - 12; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 16 - 18; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8. Caudal fin rounded in juveniles. Dorsal fin notched between forward spines; 3rd or 4th spine the longest. Bases of soft dorsal and anal fins covered with scales and thick skin; scales small and greatly overlapping. Ground color tawny in individuals in shallow water, shading to pinkish or red in those from deeper water, sometimes with an orange cast. Can change color pattern in a few minutes from almost white to uniformly dark brown depending on mood. Third and fourth vertical bars branch above lateral line forming a W-shaped mark. Several distinct black spots below and behind eye and a characteristic `tuning-fork shaped stripe on top of head, dividing just behind the orbits. (see also Refs. 5221, 5222, 5227 and 2458).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Occurs from the shoreline to at least 90 m depth. Usually close to caves (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in seagrass beds. Diet comprises mainly of fishes (54%) and crabs (23%) and lesser amounts of other crustaceans and mollusks. It is solitary and mainly diurnal; but may sometimes form schools. Spawns near the new moon with up to 30,000 aggregating at certain spawning sites (Ref. 9710). The least wary and most friendly of all the groupers (Ref. 5226). Heavily fished and vulnerable to overfishing, particularly when migrating or aggregating to spawn (Ref. 9710). The most important commercial grouper in the West Indies. Marketed fresh, mostly between 2 to 10 kg (Ref. 3708).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Most males and females display a bicolored pattern during spawning. Courtship behavior involves vertical spiral movement, short vertical runs followed by rapid aggregation then rapid dispersal and horizontal runs near the bottom. Sex reversal reportedly between 30 and 80 cm SL. Some primary males found recently (Ref. 5222). Protogyny was assumed in old literature, but dioecism (gonochorism) has been demonstrated. Pelagic spawner (Ref. 31572).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής | Συνεργάτες

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Critically Endangered (CR) (A4bd); Date assessed: 18 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)





Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί; Ενυδρείο: Δημόσια ενυδρεία
FAO - αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

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AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Γένος, Είδη | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Εθνικές βάσεις δεδομένων | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Δημόσια ενυδρεία | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia: Go, αναζήτηση | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.8 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 400 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01023 - 0.01349), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  4.1   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (82 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 15.2 [7.2, 34.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.444 [0.224, 0.890] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.106 [0.063, 0.178] g/100g; Selenium = 46.3 [23.9, 93.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 201 [51, 791] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.995 [0.670, 1.432] mg/100g (wet weight);