分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
隆頭魚科 (Wrasses)
Etymology: Symphodus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Issue
See nomenclatural details in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. Oct. 2012: Ref. 92135).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 30 m. 亞熱帶的; 47°N - 30°N, 6°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Sea of Azov.
東大西洋: 在地中海，黑海與亞速海各處。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 4.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 18.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 122896); 最大體重: 81.69 g (Ref. 122896); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 4742)
Adults are found near rocks and eel-grass beds. A nest of seaweed (Cystoseria) built and kept by male. Feed on bryozoans, hydroids, tubicolous, worms, shrimps, amphipods and mollusks. Males grow faster than females (Ref. 4742). Undergoes sex reversal (Ref. 4742). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
發現於靠近岩石與鰻草床了。 被雄魚建造而且保持的一個海草 ( Cystoseria) 的巢。 吃苔蘚蟲類，水息蟲, 管棲的, 蠕蟲，蝦，片腳類動物與軟體動物。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Undergoes sex reversal (Ref. 4742). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Males build dish shaped nests and guard the eggs (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 在地中海，黑海與亞速海各處。
Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986. Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 27 February 2014
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.5 - 21.1, mean 18.9 °C (based on 421 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01202 (0.00993 - 0.01456), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.64-0.95; tm=1-2; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.6 [33.6, 157.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.872 [0.452, 1.799] mg/100g; Protein = 19.2 [16.3, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.25 [0.13, 0.47] g/100g; Selenium = 11.8 [5.3, 25.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 75.2 [20.7, 354.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.76, 2.19] mg/100g (wet weight);
