分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
隆頭魚科 (Wrasses)
Etymology: Symphodus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bonnaterre.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的. 亞熱帶的; 46°N - 30°N, 10°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Mediterranean Sea and from Arcachon basin to Gibraltar.
東大西洋: 地中海與從 Arcachon 流域到直布羅陀。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 4.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 8.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年齡: 6 年 (Ref. 4742)
Found in littoral areas, in eel-grass beds, sometimes on soft bottoms (1-20 m), often in lagoons and estuaries with plenty of vegetation and detritus (Ref. 4742). Often in aggregation (Ref. 4742). Feed on shrimps, amphipods, isopods, small gastropods and bivalves (Ref. 4742). Females spawn in a nest built and guarded by the male (Ref. 4742). Males grow faster than females (Ref. 4742). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205). One or two females spawn in the nest built and guarded by a male (Ref. 4742).東大西洋: 地中海與從 Arcachon 流域到直布羅陀。
Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 25 September 2013
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.2 - 21.3, mean 18.8 °C (based on 122 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00920 - 0.01307), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29-0.35; tm=1-2; tmax=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 152 [75, 334] mg/100g; Iron = 1.33 [0.59, 2.62] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [15.8, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.424 [0.252, 0.740] g/100g; Selenium = 16.4 [8.5, 32.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.3 [8.1, 87.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.3 [0.9, 2.3] mg/100g (wet weight);
